본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재후보

대도시 유해대기오염물질 관리를 위한 블랙카본 모니터링

Black Carbon Monitoring for Managing Hazardous Air Pollutants in the Metropolitan Area

김영성
서울연구원 (The Seoul Institute)|2012.06|서울도시연구 (Seoul Studies)|제13권 제2호|pp. 175-186|DOI 10.23129/seouls.13.2.201206.175

0

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

risk management비산먼지fugitive dust위해성 관리PM_2.5경유차 배출 입자광학적 측정diesel particulate matter(DPM)optical measurement
주제분류국제/지역개발

초록

PM은 오늘날 국제적으로 가장 널리 통용되는 먼지의 지표이다. 우리나라도 1995년 PM10 환경기준을 도입하였고 2015년부터 PM2.5 환경기준을 시행하고자 준비 중이다. 그러나 PM 관리는 비산먼지,장거리 이동, 2차 생성 등 까다롭고 복잡한 문제를 고려하여야 한다. 이번 논문에서는 서울을 비롯한 대도시에 대하여 BC 모니터링을 제안하였다. 경유차 배출과 생물성 연소 등 불완전 연소에 의한 유해물질을포괄적으로 대변할 수 있고, CO2 다음으로 중요한 지구 온난화 물질이며, 입자의 화학성분임에도 다른물질과 달리 비교적 저렴하게 농도를 감시할 수 있기 때문이다. 대도시는 인구 밀도가 높아 배출원에 인접한 고농도 지역에도 인구가 많으며 보호받아야 할 취약계층이 오히려 열악한 환경에 빈번하게 노출되는 문제를 안고 있다. 논문의 제안이 수용되어 BC 배출과 농도 분포를 파악하기 위한 조사가 실시되고값싸고 간편한 측정장비가 갖추어진다면 도시 곳곳에서 BC를 모니터링함으로써 유해물질을 감시할 수있다.

Abstract

Particulate matter(PM) is widely used as an indicator of the airborne particles. Korea introduced a PM10 air quality standard in 1995 and is preparing to introduce a PM2.5 air quality standard in 2015. However, PM management needs to consider difficult and complex issues such as fugitive dust, long-range transport, and secondary formation. In this paper, black carbon(BC)monitoring for metropolitan areas including Seoul is proposed. BC can broadly represent hazardous materials as a result of incomplete combustion such as diesel exhaust and biomass burning, is a significant contributor to global warming next to CO_2, and, albeit particles, can be monitored at low cost relative to other particle components which require detailed chemical analysis. In most metropolitan areas, high populations exist within and adjacent to emission sources around which low-income populations mainly live, and thus these populations are disproportionately affected by poor environmental conditions. If the studies investigating the spatial distribution of BC emissions and concentrations are performed, and inexpensive and simple devices for monitoring BC are available for the proposed work, hazardous materials can be monitored using BC as a surrogate as appropriate.

참고문헌 (59)

  1. 강충민, "Characteristics of the fine particles and source apportionments using the CMB model in Seoul area", 박사, pp.2003
  2. 김영성, "수도권 대기질 관리의 쟁점과 과제", 환경정책연구, 4(1), pp.1~19 (2005), 한국환경정책·평가연구원
  3. 김영성, "황사의 대기환경영향", 한국대기환경학회지, 27(3), pp.255~271 (2011), 한국대기환경학회
  4. 박진수, "서울과 인천지역 PM10과 PM2.5 중 2차생성 탄소성분 추정", 한국대기환경학회지, 21(1), pp.131~140 (2005), 한국대기환경학회
  5. 서울시정개발연구원, "서울시 대기 중 미세먼지의 상세모니터링을 통한 미세먼지 특성조사 연구" (2010), 서울특별시
  6. 이형우, "PMF 모델을 이용한 미세분진의 오염원 확인과 기여도 추정 : 탄소성분을 이용한 휘발유 및 경유차량 오염원의 분리", 한국대기환경학회지, 25(1), pp.75~89 (2009), 한국대기환경학회
  7. 대도시 대기질 관리방안 조사 연구(IV): 미세먼지 생성과정 규명과 저감대책 수립, "한국대기환경학회", 국립환경과학원, ~ (2006)
  8. 수도권 대기환경관리 기본계획 개선.보완 대책 마련을 위한 연구, "한국대기환경학회", 환경부, ~ (2009)
  9. 서울시 미세먼지 특성분석 기본 연구, "한국외국어대학교", 서울특별시, ~ (2007)
  10. 한진석, "1994년 수도권 지역에서의 시정과 미세 입자상물질 화학조성과의 관계해석", 한국대기보전학회지, 12, pp.377~387 (1994)
  11. Meta-analysis of Time-series Studies and Panel Studies of Particulate Matter(PM) and Ozone(O3), "Anderson, H. R.", Report of a WHO(World Health Organization) task group, WHO Regional Office for Europe, ~ (2004)
  12. Andreae, M. O., "Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, pp.3131~3148 (2006)
  13. Baron, R. E., "An Analysis of Black Carbon Mitigation as a Response to Climate Change" (2009), Copenhagen Consensus Center
  14. Bremner, S. A., "Short term associations between outdoor air pollution and mortality in London 1992-4", Occup. Environ. Med., 56, pp.237~244 (1992)
  15. Cao, J. J., "Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China", J. Geophys. Res, 112, pp.D22S11~ (2007)[DOI]
  16. Chow, J. C., "Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH carbon measurements", Aerosol Sc. Technol., 34, pp.23~34 (2001)
  17. Duan, F., "Identification and estimate of biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosol organic carbon concentrations in Beijing", Atmospheric Environment, 38, pp.1275~1282 (2004)
  18. Eck, T. F., "Climatological aspects of the optical properties of fine", coarse mode aerosol mixtures, 2010, pp.115, D19205~
  19. Edgerton, E. S., "The Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Study: Part II. Filter-based measurements of fine and coarse particulate matter mass and composition", J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 55, pp.1527~1542 (2005)
  20. Evan, A. T., "Arabian Sea tropical cyclones intensified by emissions of black carbon and other aerosols", Nature, 479, pp.94~97 (2011)
  21. Gunier, R. B., "Traffic density in California: socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children", J. Exposure Anal. Environ. Epidemiol, 13, pp.240~246 (2003)
  22. Hoek, G., "Interlaboratory comparison of PM10 and black smoke measurements performed in the framework of the PEACE study", Atmospheric Environment, 31, pp.3341~3349 (1997)
  23. Ito, K., "PM source apportionment and health effects: 2. An investigation of intermethod variability in associations between source-apportioned fine particle mass and daily mortality in Washington, DC", J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 16, pp.300~310 (2006)
  24. 이학성, "Chemical characteristics of acidic gas pollutants and PM2.5 species during hazy episodes in Seoul, South Korea", ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 38, pp.4749~4760, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
  25. Kar, A., "Real-time assessment of black carbon pollution in Indian households due to traditional and improved biomass cookstoves", Environ. Sci. Technol., 46(2), pp.2993~3000 (2012)
  26. Katsouyanni, K., "Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 project", Epidemiology, 12, pp.521~531 (2001)
  27. Kim, B. M., "Characterization of PM2.5 and PM10 in the South Coast air basin of southern California: Part 1 - spatial variations", J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 50, pp.2034~2044 (2000)
  28. Kim, H. -S., "Characteristics of the major chemical constituents of PM2.5 and smog events in Seoul, Korea in 2003 and 2004", Atmospheric Environment, 41, pp.6762~6770 (2007)
  29. Kim, Y. J., "Fine particulate matter characteristics and its impact on visibility impairment at two urban sites in Korea: Seoul and Incheon", ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 40, pp.593~605 (2006)
  30. Kim, Y. P., "Concentrations of carbonaceous species in particles at Seoul and Cheju in Korea", Atmospheric Environment, 33, pp.2751~2758 (1999)
  31. Laden, F., "Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities", Environ. Health Perspect, 108, pp.941~947 (2000)
  32. 임호진, "Origins of primary and secondary organic aerosol in Atlanta: Results' of time-resolved measurements during the Atlanta supersite experiment", ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, 36(21), pp.4489~4496, AMER CHEMICAL SOC
  33. Ma, Y., "Characteristics and influence of biosmoke on the fine-particle ionic composition measured in Asian outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific(TRACE-P) experiment", J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), pp.8816~ (2003)[DOI]
  34. Mauzerall, D., "Long-range transport of air pollution", Health Effects Institute Annual Meeting (2011)
  35. Maynard, D., "Mortality risk associated with short-term exposure to traffic particles and sulfates", Environ. Health Perspect, 115, pp.751~755 (2007)
  36. Menon, S., "Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India", Science, 297, pp.2250~2253 (2002)
  37. Molina, M., "Reducing abrupt climate change risk using the Montreal Protocol and other regulatory actions to complement cuts in CO2 emissions", P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 106, pp.20,616~20,621 (2009)
  38. NARSTO, "Particulate Matter Assessment for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment" (2004), Cambridge University Press
  39. "Environmental Data Compendium"[URL]
  40. Park, K., "Comparison of continuous and filter-based carbon measurements at the Fresno supersite", J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, pp.474~491 (2006)
  41. Park, R. J., "Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: Global implications", J. Geophys. Res., 110, pp.D11205~ (2005)[DOI]
  42. Ponce, N. A., "Preterm birth: the interaction of traffic-related air pollution with economic hardship in Los Angeles neighborhoods", Amer. J. Epidemiol., 162, pp.140~148 (2005)
  43. Prospero, J. M., "Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer(TOMS) absorbing aerosol product", Rev. Geophys., 40(1), pp.1002~ (2002)[DOI]
  44. Putaud, J.-P., "A European Aerosol Phenomenology; Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Particulate Matter at Kerbside, Urban", European Commission: EUR 20411 EN, ~ (2003)
  45. Ramanathan, N., "A cellphone based system for large-scale monitoring of black carbon", Atmospheric Environment, 45, pp.4481~4487 (2011)
  46. Ramanathan, V., "Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon", Nature Geoscience, 1, pp.221~227 (2008)
  47. 배민석, "Multi-year hourly PM2.5 carbon measurements in New York: Diurnal day of week and seasonal patterns", ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 44(16), pp.2043~2053, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
  48. Rehman, I. H., "Black carbon emissions from biomass and fossil fuels in rural India", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, pp.7289~7299 (2011)
  49. Russell, P. B., "Absorption Angstrom exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition", Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp.1155~1169 (2010)
  50. Sarnat, J. A., "Fine particle sources and cardiorespiratory morbidity: An application of chemical mass balance and factor analytical source-apportionment methods", Environ. Health Perspect., 116, pp.459~466 (2008)
  51. SCAQMD(South Coast Air Quality Management District), "Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study in the South Coast Air Basin III", ~ (2008)
  52. Turpin, B. J., "Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS", Atmospheric Environment, 29, pp.3527~3544 (1995)
  53. "Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone: Summary for Decision Makers"[URL]
  54. National Air Toxics Program: The Integrated Urban Strategy, "USEPA(US Environmental Protection Agency)", Research Triangle Park, ~, pp.EPA-453 (2000), R-99-007
  55. Health Assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust, "USEPA(US Environmental Protection Agency)", Washington, ~, pp.EPA (2002), 600[DOI]
  56. Watson, J. G., "Summary of organic and elemental carbon", black carbon analysis methods and intercomparisons, 2005, pp.5, 69~102
  57. CMB8 Applications and Validation Protocol for PM2.5 and VOCs, "Watson, J. G.", Reno, ~, pp.Document No. 1808.2D1 (1808)
  58. Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide, "WHO", Report on a WHO Working Group, 13~15 (2003)
  59. Yu, S., "Primary and secondary organic aerosols over the United States: estimates on the basis of observed organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC), and air quality modeled primary OC", EC ratios, 2004, pp.38, 5257~5268

관련 논문AI추천

서울의 블랙카본 특성 연구김정호, 김현웅, 박승명, 박종성, 송인호, 신선아, 신혜정, 이상보, 임형배한국환경영향평가학회 · 환경영향평가2019 · 제28권 제2호수도권 대기질 관리의 쟁점과 과제김영성한국환경연구원 · 환경정책연구2005 · 제4권 제1호서울의 일차탄소성분 입자 농도 변화 및 관리 방향김용표, 이지이, 최은학한국입자에어로졸학회 · PARTICLE AND AEROSOL RESEARCH2024 · 제20권 제1호공기 궤 유입경로에 따른 한반도 서울 상공의 전체 및 유기 에어로졸 농도 변화 분석김준, 김영준, 정욱교, 정진상한국기상학회 · 대기2015 · 제25권 제1호서울시 터널의 유해대기오염물질 농도변화 특성 분석정권, 김익수, 김진아, 김현수, 박진아, 엄석원, 윤중섭, 이원영, 정종흡한국환경보건학회 · 한국환경보건학회지2013 · 제39권 제6호서울지역 미세먼지의 실시간 고해상도 모니터링 방안강두수, 김대성, 봉춘근한국입자에어로졸학회 · PARTICLE AND AEROSOL RESEARCH2019 · 제15권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)

서울시의 권역 간 소득격차와 소득불평등 추이 분석(2001~2009년)임병인, 윤형호pp. 1-15특별·광역시별 조정교부금제도 비교 분석 및 적합성 평가주만수pp. 17-43대형국책사업을 통한 건설투자의 경기부양효과 분석최천운, 유정석pp. 45-60도시에 대한 인식이 부동산 시장에 미치는 영향유승동, 신승우pp. 61-71정비사업 조합설립추진위원회 단계의 소송현황 및 갈등요인 분석조필규, 조남성pp. 73-88
원문 보기