향기요법에 적용되는 Frankincese, Fennel, Thyme, Sandalwood Essential oil의 세포 독성에 관한 연구
A Study of Frankincese, Fennel, Thyme and Sandalwood Essential oil-induced cytotoxicity in mouse melanoma cells
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Essential oils extracted from herbal plants have been used for a long time in order to prevent diseases and maintain or promote human health, based on their low irritation or side effects. In oil absorption through the skin by massage, the oil affects the body through the blood. However, misuse or abuse of the oils may cause various types of toxicity such as mutagenicity, fetal toxicity, irritation, seizure, neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity caused by treatment of four popular essential oils (Frankincense, Fennel, Thyme and Sandalwood) which are frequently used in aromatherapy, in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Relative cell viabilities were quantitatively analyzed by MTT assay, and cell proliferation and morphological changes were observed using microscope. As the result, it was found that four essential oils had different degrees of cytotoxicity, with Frankincense as the least toxic oil and Sandalwood as the most toxic oil. This result was consistant with the cell proliferation and morphological changes found in microscope analysis. But when compared with 200μg/ml Thyme treated and the 50μg/ml Sandalwood treated group, which showed similar toxicity in the MTT assay, Thyme treated group showed abnormal cellular morphology rather than cell death, whereas Sandalwood treated group showed cell death without major morphological changes. Therefore, it suggests that in application of each oil alone or in blending in actual aromatherapy, the difference in cytotoxicity of the oils should be taken into account, rather than determining the ratio only to the absolute amount of oil.
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from herbal plants have been used for a long time in order to prevent diseases and maintain or promote human health, based on their low irritation or side effects. In oil absorption through the skin by massage, the oil affects the body through the blood. However, misuse or abuse of the oils may cause various types of toxicity such as mutagenicity, fetal toxicity, irritation, seizure, neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity caused by treatment of four popular essential oils (Frankincense, Fennel, Thyme and Sandalwood) which are frequently used in aromatherapy, in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Relative cell viabilities were quantitatively analyzed by MTT assay, and cell proliferation and morphological changes were observed using microscope. As the result, it was found that four essential oils had different degrees of cytotoxicity, with Frankincense as the least toxic oil and Sandalwood as the most toxic oil. This result was consistant with the cell proliferation and morphological changes found in microscope analysis. But when compared with 200μg/ml Thyme treated and the 50μg/ml Sandalwood treated group, which showed similar toxicity in the MTT assay, Thyme treated group showed abnormal cellular morphology rather than cell death, whereas Sandalwood treated group showed cell death without major morphological changes. Therefore, it suggests that in application of each oil alone or in blending in actual aromatherapy, the difference in cytotoxicity of the oils should be taken into account, rather than determining the ratio only to the absolute amount of oil.
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