일제하 경성부 행정조직과 운영의 식민지성

Abstract

During the Japanese colonial rule, the Gyeongseong-Bu(府) administrative organization, which was put under the control of Gyeonggi-Do, began to gradually expand after 1914 when the public entity of bu was established. In 1916, for the first time for the colonial Korea, the gwa(課) division was established, and thereafter organizational reshuffling was repeated until March 1936 when eight gwas and 15 gye(係) divisions were established. However, the bu system, as shown in the Gyeongseong-Bu, had little autonomy, but it did have many bureaucratic characteristics, which gave it a wide range of administrative rights. The Gyeongseong-Bu handled far more state affairs than it handled its own affairs, which resulted in it being excessively governed by the central government. Also, the implementation of the bu system was characterized by Japanese- oriented administration and the adoption of Japanese systems. In 1936, the Gyeongseong-Bu area expanded by four times its original size, and as a result widespread and longtime wars were staged, which crowded the war-related administrative workload, and led to the expansion of the Gyeongseong-Bu organization and manpower. In 1936, for the first time for the country, the bu(部) division was established, which was developed into 3 bus, 13 gwa divisions, and 16 gye divisions. In 1942, five gwa divisions were added, which were then expanded into 3 bus, 18 gwas, one sil(室) division, and 59 gyes. However, the Gyeongseong-Bu could not properly handle its responsibilities such as the distribution of goods and food and providing guidance on total mobilization movement. Thus, in June 1943, for the first time, within the Gyeongseong-Bu, 7 gu(區) divisions were established to which state-financed officials were dispatched. Along with organizational expansion, the number of Gyeongseong-Bu employees increased 13 times increasing from 95 in 1914 to 1,267 in 1944. The ratio of relevant costs to total tax expenditures more than doubled from 8.9% in 1940 to 18.97% in 1944. The Gyeongseong-Bu auxiliary administrative organization was launched under the Chongdae(總代) system in 1916. In 1933, all households within the area were incorporated under the system, which was reorganized into the Jeonghoe(町會) organization, which was autonomously responsible for taxation, hygiene, and enlightenment. In 1943, the Jeonghoe system was changed into the bureaucratic small system, which undertook the role of imparting state policies to all residents. The coverage of administration expanded into individual residents, thereby aiming to thoroughly implement state policies on mobilization, food supply, and control. In this regard, the administrative organization expansion of Gyeongseong-Bu aimed to colonize urban administration and to implement Japanese militarism.