1929년 서울지역 학생시위운동에서 사회주의 학생비밀결사의 역할

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine what way the organizational system of the secret socialist student organizations was applied to the student movement during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. In late 1920s, the school strike, as the method of student movement was very active in Korea. Especially in 1929 as the Gwangju student movement broke out, the rising aspiration of student movement reached a climax. The student movement from Gwangju became a nationwide movement. Particularly, the student movement in Seoul in late 1929 was a representative event that was led directly by the secret socialist student organizations. The student organizations in 1929 were not linked to each other. The absence of the Communist Party of Korea(朝鮮共産黨) at the time caused three Communist Young Men’s Associations(Gongsan Cheongnyeonhoe, 共産靑年會) to form. All three associations organized their own student organizations. The relationship among the student organizations was competitive, and all of them tried to expand their influences to the students. The organizations went on recruiting members at the same time, they also targeted the same group of students. As a result, each student organization recruited their members separately, and their influence to the students was not overlapped. The relationship of the student organizations was reflected in the student movement in Seoul in late 1929. The two student organizations, the Joseon Student Vanguard Union(Joseon Haksaeng Jeonwi Dongmaeng, 朝鮮學生前衛同盟) and the Student Division of the Joseon Communist Young Men’s Association (Joseon Gongsan Cheongnyeonhoe Haksaengbu, 朝鮮共産靑年會學生部), led the student movement in Seoul. Both organizations planned for spreading leaflets and staging demonstrations. However, the organizations discussed limited parts of the plan together, because they were not on good terms. They only compromised on the date to spread the leaflets and the methods of the demonstrations. Also, the preparatory meetings were arranged separately by each organizations. The networks of both student organizations took important roles in forming two separate lines of solidarity for the demonstrations. Firstly, the Joseon Student Vanguard Union formed solidarity with the students who prepared their leaflets. Secondly, the Student Division of the Joseon Communist Young Men’s Association, of which, their system was not perfectly organized yet, used the regional network to form solidarity. Therefore, in this case, the students from North Gyeongsang Province (Gyeongsangbuk-do) among the potential members of the Student Division took the main role for building their solidarity. However, there were also limits of the organizations’ networks. Both organizations were based on male students in Seoul. Therefore, female students were not included in the plans for the demonstrations in December 1929. Furthermore, both organizations’ solidarity did not include students in every grade, because the networks were centered around the third and fourth grades students.