1960년대 서울의 확장과 市營버스의 등장

Abstract

This paper examines the expansion of Seoul's administrative district in the 1960s and the subsequent muncipal bus. The emergence of the muncipal bus meant that the traffic system of Seoul in the past focused on the streetcar transportation had changed, and served as an opportunity for the undeveloped areas to become new locations for the life zone in Seoul. At that time, Seoul needed to deal with the rapid population growth and urban problems. Mayor Kim Hyun-ok(金玄玉), who took office in 1966, made his first pledge <to ease traffic congestion in Seoul>, and resolutely took over the streetcar business of Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO), which was a deficit business. That was done by urban development, but it also replaced the city-limited streetcar traffic with bus traffic in line with Seoul's expansion. Accordingly, in 1967, the Seoul Metropolitan Government set the development of the outskirts as its goal of the municipal administration with the slogan ‘The Year of Construction Rush’. In the outskirts of the city, a settlement had been formed for the relocated residents from dwellings to be demolished, who had moved to urban development. They were given more than eight to twelve pyeong(坪) of land per household, and some returned to the urban area after resale of that land. under these circumstances, the Seoul Metropolitan Government had to arrange transportation so that the relocated residents wouldn't return to the urban area. However, it was difficult to expect this from private transport companies that only sought the ‘golden route’. Eventually, the Seoul Metropolitan Government has begun the bus business in the name of ‘Establishment of Comprehensive Countermeasures for Capital Transport’ and ‘Civil Service-focused Transportation System’. In addition, the muncipal bus operation was designed to help employees prepare countermeasures after the removal of the streetcars. The Seoul Metropolitan Government has accommodated the streetcar employees who have obtained driver's licenses in the bus business as much as possible. Those muncipal buses were operated by setting up migrant settlements in the urban border areas as the last stop. There were 6 bus routes in total, of which all but the Sanggye-dong Rout were located in south of the Han River. At that time, Seoul expanded to the wide areas of south of the Han River, but at the time of the opening of the muncipal bus, there were only three bridges(Hangang Bridge, Gwangjin Bridge, and Yanghwa Bridge). In this way, the operation of the muncipal bus has become a long and rough journey with the addition of bypass sections to long distances. The muncipal bus reviewed above was the first mass transportation to reach the new locations of Seoul. The Seoul Metropolitan Government started the bus business with challenges of the era of urban movement of the residents living in the migrant settlement and the removal of the streetcars. In the end, the muncipal bus served to connect the a newly incorporated border areas in Seoul as one living zone.