일본 헤이안 시대의 모노가타리 작품에 나타난 출생의 의례문화 연구 -그 신앙적 요소를 근저로 하여-

Abstract

The birth rites in Japan may be developed through custom and conventiongenerated based on religious faiths. This study intends to reinterpret the Monogatarithrough the culture of birth rites by comparing several Monogatari works pre/post『The Tale of Genji』. At first, Mononoke faith can be referred. The Mononoke indicates dead and livespirits and consequently leads mothers before/after delivery or ill persons to deathby continuously afflicting them. In order to eliminate these spirits, the Buddhistincantation, Turuuchi and Uchimaki were conducted. A sword(Mihakashi) andornaments with figures of tiger head and horn of rhinoceros were displaced neara new baby, which kept evil spirits from being able to access it. And the white faith can be considered, which is strongly related with impurityidea. Ornamented with only white materials which mean reproduction and revival,the delivery room promoted the birth. This room was not only the spiritual ‘otherworld’ where we are confronted with strange space and contacts between this worldand the other world, dead persons and live persons might be occurred, but also thefiled which facilitated some spiritual beings such as Mononoke to rageindiscriminately. Finally, the grain spirit faith can be examined. Through the Ubuyasinai, an ideaof the 'public meal' in which relatives ate together the foods prepared for healthinessof pregnant woman was implemented. The rice, the most important food, that is,the symbol of life was assumed to be originated from kingdom of gods, and it wasbelieved that there exists the spiritual power in rice cake, onigri and gruel as doesin rice.