언어유형론과 개별언어연구 -일본어의 상을 중심으로-
A Typological Study on Aspect in Japanese
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초록
本稿は言語類型論の観点から他言語との対照を通じ、日本語のアスペクト の特徴について論じたものである。 まずロシア語との対照から日本語の完成相が無標形式である事実が言語普 遍的ではないことを確認した。次にロマンス諸語との対照を通じ、2項対立体 系である日本語の方が類型論的には少数であり、アスペクトは過去表現において顕著であることが明らかになった。さらに、形態論的なテンスを持たな い言語から完成相形式が過去と、継続相が現在時制と密接な関係にあること が分かった。 次に、諸言語との共通点として、談話レベルでは完成相形式が前景化 (foreground)の機能を、継続相形式が背景化(background)の機能を担う点、時間 表現の文法化経路が日本語も他言語と類似している点などを指摘した。
Abstract
In this paper, we have discussed on aspect in Japanese from the viewpoint of language typology. The main issues are as follows. First, through the contrast of Japanese with Russian aspect, We confirm that the perfective verbs are unmarked form in Japanese while the imperfective verbs are unmarked form in Russian. And Through the contrast with Spanish aspect, we find that the most Romance languages have a three way system of aspect, On the other hand, Japanese have a two way system, and the perfective forms are in the majority of all cases restricted to past time reference, at least when appearing in asserted main clauses. Second, as a common point between the various language, each perfective verb carrying the narrative forward. The imperfective verbs, on the other hand, tend to hold up the narrative of events rather than carry it forward. Furthermore, grammaticalization pathway of time representation in Japan also pointed out that is similar to the other languages.
참고문헌 (34)
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