温度形容詞「あつい」「あたたかい」「ぬるい」の意味分析 - 比喩による意味拡張を中心に -

Abstract

This paper analyzes each of several meanings and aspects of meaning extensions of “atsui”, “atatakai” and “nurui” from the perspective of cognitive linguistics using naturally-occurring examples. Our goal is to schematize the aspects of meaning extensions based on the result of our analysis. “Atsui”, “atatakai” and “nurui” extend their meaning from “basic meaning”, the prototype meaning of each word, in terms of two types of figurative language: metaphor and metonymy. “Atsui” and “atatakai” extend their meaning from “basic meaning”, the prototype meaning of each word, to five “extended meanings”. Furthermore, as the meaning extension goes on from “basic meaning” to its subcategories, their meaning moves from concrete meaning to abstract meaning, and the meaning would extend by metonymy based on contiguity and relevance concerning socio-cultural experiences rather than metaphor based on similarity. “Atsui” and “atatakai” show diversion, the synaesthetic feature, from tactile to auditory or visual in the process of meaning extension. However, “nurui” does not show diversion in the process of meaning extension although its meaning extends from “basic meaning”, the prototypical meaning of a word, to one “extended meaning”.