日本語の「よこ」「そば」と韓国語の「옆」「곁」との対照研究

Abstract

The similarities and differences between “yoko” and “soba” in Japanese and “yeop” and “gyeot” in Korean are studied in this paper by analyzing meanings and functions of actual example sentences. Although several previous studies about “yoko” and “soba” exist in the literature, no research focuses on the comparisons with Korean “yeop” and “gyeot”. This paper aims to describe and drive the correspondences of meanings and functions for the above four forms. The results can be summarized as follows. First, “yoko” basically represents only a concrete space. It can take many different cases. Functionally, it serves as a pseudo noun. Second, “soba” represents both a concrete space and an abstract space. In the case of a concrete space, various cases can be taken, but in the case of an abstract space, the cases that can be taken are very limited. Functionally, it serves as a pseudo noun. Third, “yeop” basically represents a concrete space, but in contrast to “yoko”, some usages are found where it represents abstract space. In principle, only person nouns can be used as the front noun of “yeop” that represent an abstract space, and the existential verb “itta” is used as the default for predicates. It is characterized by being used with adverbs indicating a period. In addition, it can take relatively wide cases. Functionally, it serves as a pseudo noun. Fourth, “gyeot” represents both concrete and abstract spaces. In the case of concrete space and abstract space, the cases that can be taken are limited. Functionally, it serves as a pseudo noun. Summarizing the above, it can be concluded that in several usages “yeop” represents an abstract space unlike “yoko”, and “gyeot” with the meaning of a concrete space has a stronger tendency to follow a person noun than “soba” with a concrete space.