‘무녀(巫女)’적 여성상과 신화적 전통의 현대적 변용- 신카이 마코토 ‘재난 3부작’을 중심으로 -
The Priestess-like Female Figure and the Modern Transformation of Mythical Traditions — Focusing on Makoto Shinkai's "Disaster Trilogy" —
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초록
日本のアニメーションには神話的・宗教的要素が目立つ作品が少なくない。新海誠監督の作品のうち、「災難３部作」とも呼ばれる、『君の名は。』(2016), 『天気の子』(2019), 『すずめの戸締まり』(2022)には「巫女」という職業が登場したり、神社を背景から、神との繋がりとしての「巫女」的性格を表したりする。東日本大震災が新海誠監督の作品に大きな影響を与えたこと周知のとおりである。それに、三つの作品とも「巫女」的な性格を持つ女性キャラクターを表に出していることから、これらの作品を分析するにあたり、「巫女」も重要なキーワードであると言える。本稿では、アニメーションの中の神秘的な力を持つ少女、つまり「巫女」的な性格を持つキャラクターの性格を確認する。また、日本の神話との比較分析を通じて、男女キャラクターの関係構図とその意味について考察する。
Abstract
There are quite a few works that prominently feature mythological and religious elements could be seen in Japanese animation. Among the works of director Makoto Shinkai—particularly those known as the "Disaster Trilogy": Your Name. (2016), Weathering With You (2019), and Suzume (2022)—the role of the miko (shrine maiden) appears explicitly, or is expressed through shrine settings and connections with gods, symbolizing the miko-like qualities of certain characters. It is well known that the Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011 had a significant impact on Shinkai’s work. Moreover, since all three of these films foreground female characters with miko-like traits, the concept of the miko can be considered as a key element in analyzing these works. This paper aims to explore the characteristics of mystical girls in animation—particularly those associated with miko-like character qualities. Additionally, through comparative analysis with Japanese mythology, it examines the relationship structure between male and female characters and the meanings derived from those relationships.