청말 개인과 사절단의 해외 여행기에 나타난 해양문명 - 빈춘, 벌링게임, 숭후사절단을 심으로

Abstract

What did ocean mean to the intellectuals of China in the late Qing period? This thesis will summarize outline of Western scientific technology, especially marine civilization appeared in three overseas travelogues of individuals and delegations during the period of Westernization Movement with a keyword ‘ocean’, and analyze the process that Chinese formed a new outlook on the ocean. Articles related to ocean appeared in the record of personal experience and travelogues of delegations enable us to know the outline of marine civilization they looked. The foregoing includes (1) structure of ship and scenery of port, (2) memory of ocean voyage(winds and waves, seasickness, lighthouse etc.), (3) innovation in geographic perspective and outlook on the globe, (4) awe toward the Suez Canal, (5) astonishing scale of warship and dockyard, (6) elaboration of artillery and artillery corps, (7) novelty of zoo and aquarium, (8) Westerners‘ marine culture(rules on the deck and maritime law etc.) that were covered in the body. After China was defeated two times in the Opium War, the power of so-called ‘strong fleet and sharp artillery’of the West astounded Chinese people, and travellers who experienced various advanced civilization in the ground crossing the ocean realized a marked difference between China and powers of the Occident. Reading the record of personal experience shows that Chinese people had interest in the navy, a symbol of marine civilization of the West, but were not allowed to access warships and artillery, military secrets for their status as the general public. However, delegations were able to access warships and artillery closer as foreign guests. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, delegations were not also able to have in-depth knowledge of systems and thought that enabled marine civilization.