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발달장애인의 공격행동 중재에 대한 연구동향 분석: 외국문헌을 중심으로

Research Trends in the Intervention of Aggressive Behaviorsfor Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: Focused on Foreign Literature

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참고문헌

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주제분류기타사회과학

초록

본 연구는 외국문헌을 중심으로 발달장애인의 공격행동 중재프로그램의 효과를 알아보고 연구성과에 대한 검토를 바탕으로 국내 발달장애인 상담 및 특수교육 분야에서 공격행동 중재의 중요성과 연구방향을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 공격행동은 발달장애인들이 공통적으로 보이는 주된 특징 중 하나로, 이들의 사회적 통합을 방해하는 가장 심각한 문제 중 하나로 간주되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 국내 발달장애인 공격성 행동과 관련된 연구 수는 제한적이며 중재프로그램과 관련된 문헌연구 또한 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 33편의 외국 연구를 중심으로 공격 및 자해행동과 관련하여 발달장애인의 특성과 중재 프로그램의 유형을 전략기반 강화, 선행사건 조작, 지속적인 통제를 이용한 행동 감소 전략, 약물치료로 나누어 구분하였다. 수집된 연구분석을 위해 Sackett 등(1996)이 제안한 증거기반 분류체계를 사용하였으며, 치료-중재방법, 연구대상, 연구목적, 결과 등으로 구분하였다. 본 문헌연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개발된 중재프로그램은 발달장애인의 공격행동을 낮추는데 효과적이다. 둘째, 발달장애인의 문제행동 분석을 위해 사용된 기능분석과 행동평가는 전문가가 혼합 프로그램을 개발하는데 효과적이다. 셋째, 발달장애인의 부적절한 행동중재를 위한 약물 및 행동치료를 혼합한 연구들이 나타나고 있지만, 그 수가 여전히 제한적이다. 공격행동을 보다 효과적으로 낮추기 위하여 종합적인 프로그램 개발은 물론 다양한 나이대에 적용 가능한 개별 프로그램에 대한 관심이 필요하다. 이러한 연구결과들을 기반으로 국내 특수교육과 장애인 상담분야에 함의점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to investigate related literature evaluating the effects of interventions on aggressive behaviors for individuals with developmental disabilities. Aggression is perceived as one of the most frequently observed problems preventing individuals with developmental disabilities from social integration. Thus, effective intervention strategies are desirable to alleviate negative behaviors and to better adjust to different situations. However, literature focusing on ameliorating aggressive behaviors among this population is few. This paper reviewed 33 foreign literature that has focused on intervention programs regarding aggressive or self-destructive behaviors among those with developmental disabilities. In order to analyze collected articles, evidence based system from Sackett et al.(1996) was applied: Intervention, study participants, purpose of the study, and results. The results of this study are following: (1) Developed interventions are effective to decrease aggressive behaviors among those with developmental disabilities; (2) Functional analysis and functional behavioral assessment would be recommended in developing interventions; (3) Little is known about effectiveness of combined programs based on pharmacological and behavioral therapy. In order to reduce the aggression level, comprehensive programs applied to different age groups would be developed. Implications and suggestions were provided for special education and rehabilitation counseling professionals in S. Korea.

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