고기능자폐 5세아의 의사소통결함에 관한 연구 : 이해와 표현문제를 중심으로
A Case Study on a High Functioning Autism Child's Communicative Deficits : Focused on the Deficits of Understanding and Expression
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본 연구의 목적은 고기능자폐 5세아의 의사소통과정에서 보이는 의사소통결함 중 이해와 표현의 문제는 어떤 양상으로 나타나는가를 분석하고, 의사소통결함이 의사소통 장애 원인들과 어떻게 연결되어 있는가를 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상유아는 고기능자폐 5세로 여아 1명이다. 자료들은 어린이집의 자유선택활동 시간 동안에 참여 관찰하여 기록한 기록물과 비디오로 촬영한 내용이다. 자료 분석은 참여관찰법의 분석 절차에 따라 촬영된 비디오테이프를 전사하고, 그 내용 중 부적절한 의사소통을 이해의 문제와 표현의 문제로 나누어 분석하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상유아가 의사소통과정에서 보이는 이해의 문제는 단어, 문장, 자신, 타인, 가상놀이 및 상황이해 등에서 나타났고, 표현의 문제는 단어, 문장, 비언어와 준언어의 문제 등에서 나타났다. 둘째, 연구대상유아가 의사소통과정에서 보이는 이해와 표현의 문제에 대한 원인 관점으로 마음의 이론이 94.9%, 중앙응집이 43.5%, 그리고 집행기능의 29.4% 순서로 나타났다. 따라서 고기능자폐유아의 의사소통과정에서 보이는 이해와 표현문제는 거의 모든 의사소통 시 나타나며, 의사소통 과정에서의 문제의 원인관점 중 마음의 이론과 제일 관련이 높다고 말할 수 있다.
Abstract
Deficits in the social use of language, or pragmatics, is a hallmark of autism and High Functioning Autism(HFA). But there are relative few empirical studies of pragmatic or communicative functioning in individuals with HFA in Korea. More research is needed into the communication Deficits of individuals with HFA in naturalistic settings to compile the available research and clinical knowledge. The primary objective of this study was to explore an HFA child' communicative deficits when interacting with peers and teachers in spontaneous play in the included classroom of a day care center. The subject of this study was five-years old girl with HFA. Specifically, drawing from naturalistic video-recorded data, this ethnographic study analyzed her Deficits of inadequate communicative behaviors from the side view of expression and understanding, and the reason for her inadequate communicative behaviors in light of theory of mind, central coherence, and executive function. The findings were as follows : The HFA subject's communicative deficits resulted from the theory of mind 94.9%, central coherence 43.5%, and executive function 29.4%. The results of the study supported that the deficits of understanding towards others in the theory of mind may be the most stigmatizing and handicapping aspect of HFA.
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