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외상성 뇌손상 환자의 인지-언어적 중재 효과에 대한 메타분석

Meta-Analysis of Cognitive-linguistic Intervention for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

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참고문헌

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주제분류기타사회과학

초록

TBI 이후에는 특이한 인지-언어적 양상이 나타나는데, 이는 다른 신경언어 장애군과 이질적인 속성을 띠기 때문에 치료 시 복합적인 고려가 요구된다. 이로 인해 TBI 환자를 대상으로 한 다각적인 인지-언어적 중재가 시도되고 있으나, 중재 효과에 대한 체계적인 분석은 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 특히, 국내의 경우 TBI의 인지-언어적 중재와 관련된 연구 자체가 적어 중재 효과에 관한 문헌 검토 및 메타분석 연구 역시 매우 드문 편이다. 본 연구에서는 TBI 환자를 대상으로 실시한 인지-언어적 중재의 효과에 관한 국내외 문헌들을 체계적으로 검토하고, 메타분석을 통해 그 효과성을 입증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1990년부터 2015년 사이에 게재된 TBI의 인지-언어적 중재 관련 연구들을 대상으로 총 609개의 논문을 1차적으로 선정한 후, 포함 준거 절차에 따라 최종적으로 16개의 논문을 분석하였다. 연구의 질적 분석 결과, TBI의 인지-언어적 중재는 청소년과 성인이 주요 대상자였으며, 중재의 하위 영역으로는 기억력, 언어 능력, 집행기능, 문제해결력 등의 순으로 많았다. 메타분석 결과, 인지-언어적 중재의 평균 효과크기는 .61로 유의한 수준이었으며, ‘중간’ 정도의 중재 효과가 있었다. 하위 영역 중에서는 기억력, 문제해결력, 집행기능, 언어 능력 등에서 집단 간 유의한 효과가 나타났다. 효과크기 측면에서는 추론력과 기억력이 ‘큰’ 정도의 효과크기를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 TBI 환자를 대상으로 한 인지-언어적 중재는 효과적인 수준이며, 인지 및 언어 능력의 향상에 긍정적으로 기여함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 TBI 환자에 대한 인지-언어적 중재의 효과성을 체계적으로 분석함으로써 증거 기반적 자료를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Patients with TBI have unique cognitive-linguistic aspects compared to other neurological disorders, and so we should treat them with caution. Although there are increasingly cognitive-linguistic interventions after TBI, the efficacy of them is rarely examined. Especially, domestic studies by systematic literature review or meta-analysis were hardly performed. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the extensive literature on the efficacy of cognitive-linguistic intervention systematically using a meta-analysis method. Sixteen studies, meeting the inclusion criteria, were entered into the analysis. There were four main findings. Firstly, the general target population for the cognitive-linguistic intervention was adolescents and adults. Secondly, most treatments included domains like memory, language, executive func tion, and problem solving. Thirdly, the results of meta-analysis indicated that a cognitive-linguistic intervention was generally effective for patients with TBI(g= .61, p<.01). Lastly, TBI patients had positive effects on memory, problem solving, executive function, language, and overall cognition. Additionally, reasoning and memory had largest effect size of all domains. The results from the current study suggest that the cognitive-linguistic interventions are effective and beneficial for patients with TBI in improving their cognition and language abilities. Our study also provides evidence -based information to support cognitive-linguistic rehabilitation after TBI.

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