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유아기 품행문제의 발현시기와 위험요인

Onset Age and Risk Factor of Conduct Problems in Early Childhood

이효신
특수교육재활과학연구소 (The Research Institute for Special Education & Rehabilitation Science)|2021.03|특수교육재활과학연구|제60권 제1호|pp. 79-95|DOI 10.23944/Jsers.2021.03.60.1.4

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냉담-무정서 특질발현시기유아기Early childhood품행문제Onset age기만적-냉담 행동Conduct problemsCallous-unemotionalDeceitful-callou
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

품행장애(CD)는 아동기 발병형과 청소년기 발병형으로 구분되며 더 이른 나이에 시작되는 아동기 발병형은 정신병질적 특성을 가졌을 가능성이 크며, 더 만성적이고 심각한 행동으로 이어질 가능성이 크다. 따라서 아동기 발병형의 초기 시작점을 아는 것은 중요하다. 이 연구 는 측정할 수 있는 정도의 명확한 품행문제는 어느 연령에서 발현되는지, 품행장애를 예견 할 수 있는 이 연령의 유아가 나타내는 품행문제의 독특한 특성이 존재하는지에 대해 알아 보고자 하였다. 문헌탐색을 통해 나타난 결과는 품행문제가 2세에서 이미 관찰될 수 있으나 3, 4세에 비해 다소 낮은 신뢰도를 보여, 3세에서 발현되는 품행문제가 가장 어린 연령에서 관찰될 수 있고 미래의 품행장애를 예견하는 안정성 높은 품행장애 증후라는 점이다. 또한 반사회적 행동으로 이어질 가능성이 큰 정신병질적 집단에서 관찰되는 CU 특질은 유아기에 그 증후를 관찰할 수 있는데, 지금까지의 연구들에서는 이 요인을 기만적이고-냉담한(D-C) 행동으로 명명하여왔다. 그러나 양육기술 중심의 부모중재를 통하여 D-C 행동을 보이는 유 아도 개선의 여지가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 내용을 기반으로 우리나라의 제도를 중심으 로 품행장애의 예방과 중재에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

Conduct disorder (CD) is divided into childhood-onset and adolescent-onset, and childhood-onset that begins at an earlier age is more likely to have psychopathic characteristics, and is likely to lead to more chronic and serious behaviors. Therefore, it is important to know the initial starting point of the childhood onset form. This study attempted to find out at what age a measurable and clear behavioral problem manifested itself, and whether there were unique characteristics of behavioral problems that children of this age who could predict behavioral disorders exist. The results of the literature search show that behavioral problems may already be observed at 2 years of age, but show a somewhat lower reliability than 3 and 4 years of age, and behavioral problems at 3 years of age can be observed at the youngest age and future conduct disorders. It is a symptom of a highly stable behavioral disorder that predicts. In addition, the CU trait observed in the childhood-onset group, which is likely to lead to antisocial behavior, can be observed in toddlerhood, and studies so far have referred to this factor as deceitful-callous(D-C) behavior. However, it can be seen that even toddlers with D-C behavior have room for improvement through parental intervention centered on parenting skills. Based on the above, we discussed the prevention and intervention of behavioral disorders, focusing on the Korean system.

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