유아기 외현화 문제행동의 하위 발달경로에 미치는 기질의 효과: 잠재성장혼합모형(Latent Growth Mixture Modeling) 분석을 적용한 단기종단연구
Effects of Temperament on Predicting Developmental Trajectories of Early Childhood Externalizing Problem: A Short-term Longitudinal Study with Applied Latent Growth Mixture Modeling
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초록
유아기 기질이 외현화 문제행동의 하위 발달 경로에 미치는 영향력을 확인하고자 수도권 지역에 등록된 어린이집 12기관의 만 3세-5세 유아 197명(남-102명, 여-95명)의 부모를 대상으로 6개월 간격으로 3회 측정한 자료를 분석하였다. 동시대집단 시계열 설계를 활용하여 유아의 자극추구 기질과 위험회피 기질을 예측변인으로 투입한 잠재성장혼합모형 분석을 적용한 결과 3가지 하위 발달경로가 확인되었다. 초기치와 변화율을 고려하여 각각 ‘중간-유지’(51명, 26.5%)경로, ‘낮은-유지’(137명, 68.8%) 경로, 그리고 ‘높은-증가’(9명, 4.7%)경로라 명명하였다. 이들 세 경로는 유아의 자극추구와 위험회피 기질의 수준에서 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 종단 연구를 분석할 때 개인의 변화에 따라 잠재된 하위 경로를 확인할 필요성과 기질이 보다 적극적으로 활용될 필요성을 시사한다. 본 연구 결과의 의의와 제한점이 논의되었다.
Abstract
This study attempted to identify preschoolers' developmental trajectories regarding externalizing problems and evaluated the association between trajectory groups and preshoolers' temperaments. We assessed 197 preschoolers, ages 3-5 (102 males, 97 females), in Seoul's metropolitan area 3 times at 6-month intervals. Additionlly, we collected maternal reports of the preschoolers’ behavior problems (K-CBCL) and temperaments (K-JTCI). A Latent Growth Mixture Modeling Analysis with a cohort sequential design revealed 3 distinct trajectories in the preschoolers' development of externalizing behaviors: the “moderate-maintaining”, “low-maintaining”, and “high-increasing” trajectories. We determined novelty seeking and harm avoidance significantly explained the preschoolers' 3 developmental trajectories. High temperament levels in both novelty seeking and harm avoidance tended to differentiate between “low-maintaining” and “high-increasing” groups, whereas only the high harm avoidance temperament was associated with the “moderate-maintaining” trajectory. We discuss the results in terms of the importance of longitudinal research in the development of psychopathology and suggests using Latent Growth Mixture Modeling and temperamental data for early identification of high-risk children.
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