서양 중세 귀족 부인들의 정치력에 대한 연구 ― 긴느 가의 여인들을 중심으로 ―
Political Power of the Medieval Noblewomen: Focused on the Women of Guines
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What was the reality of the life of women in the Middle Ages? Can it be characterized as repressive, as it is often described? In this thesis I examine a theory of the medieval misogyny. My study begins with 『The History of the Counts of Guines and Lords of Ardres』, written around 1190. Some conclusions from the book are as follows : The countess of Guines never seemed to be in a passive position, especially in managing their domains. In those days, when male aristocrats participated in tournaments as fighters, and spent an extended amount of time overseas as crusaders, wives undertook duties such as administering material goods and regulating the work of domestic servants. Even though countess was not totally independent, they as co-master of the house could extend their administrative power. This phenomenon is also observed in other regions, especially in Flanders. The countesses here played a significant role in collecting taxes, stipulating contracts concerning the estate. These aristocratic women possessed considerable economic and political power. They had virtually unlimited control over the personal effects such as money, jewelry, clothing, and other available goods that made up their dowries or marriage portions, as well as over the wares used in or produced by the household. The power over such goods and a limited capacity to enter into business dealings were granted the mistress of the house. This conclusion does not correspond with Joan Kelly’s thesis that women gradually lost their status, power, and visibility during the Middle Ages. Their social activities were not simply limited to cooking, weaving and cleaning in the house. Thus the two basic aristotelian economic modes -- production= a male activity and conservation= typically a female activity -- deserves serious reconsideration.
Abstract
What was the reality of the life of women in the Middle Ages? Can it be characterized as repressive, as it is often described? In this thesis I examine a theory of the medieval misogyny. My study begins with 『The History of the Counts of Guines and Lords of Ardres』, written around 1190. Some conclusions from the book are as follows : The countess of Guines never seemed to be in a passive position, especially in managing their domains. In those days, when male aristocrats participated in tournaments as fighters, and spent an extended amount of time overseas as crusaders, wives undertook duties such as administering material goods and regulating the work of domestic servants. Even though countess was not totally independent, they as co-master of the house could extend their administrative power. This phenomenon is also observed in other regions, especially in Flanders. The countesses here played a significant role in collecting taxes, stipulating contracts concerning the estate. These aristocratic women possessed considerable economic and political power. They had virtually unlimited control over the personal effects such as money, jewelry, clothing, and other available goods that made up their dowries or marriage portions, as well as over the wares used in or produced by the household. The power over such goods and a limited capacity to enter into business dealings were granted the mistress of the house. This conclusion does not correspond with Joan Kelly’s thesis that women gradually lost their status, power, and visibility during the Middle Ages. Their social activities were not simply limited to cooking, weaving and cleaning in the house. Thus the two basic aristotelian economic modes -- production= a male activity and conservation= typically a female activity -- deserves serious reconsideration.
참고문헌 (97)
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