프랑스 여성사 연구 과제와 동향 - 중세에서 근대 초 시기를 중심으로
The Trends and Tasks of French Women's and Gender History
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본 논문은 중세에서 근대 초 시기를 대상으로 프랑스 여성사에서 제기된 다양한 연구주제를 제시하고, 이를 중심으로 1960년대부터 현재까지 진행된 프랑스 여성사의 연구 동향을 개관하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 프랑스 학계에서 여성사 분야는 여성과 남성이 사회 속에서 관계 맺는 방식에 초점을 맞추어 사료중심의 실증적 방법론 아래 전개되어 왔다. 따라서 남성 지배라는 정치적 권력을 유지시키기 위한 이데올로기거나 담론적 권력의 형태를 분석하는 젠더이론이 활성화된 영미권의 연구방식과 일정한 차이를 지니고 있다. 최근 들어 프랑스 여성사 연구는 사료적 엄정함을 갖춘 프랑스 학계의 연구가 이론적 참신함을 강점으로 삼는 영미권 연구자들에 의해 다양하게 변주되는 양상으로 전개되고 있다. 중세 프랑스 여성사 연구는 뒤비가 제안한 봉건사회와 그리스도교 문화 속에서 여성의 지위에 대한 논쟁으로부터 시작되었다. 젠더 이론의 도입 이후 중세 여성사 연구자들은 중세 시대 출현한 대안적 여성문화나 여성 주체 내부의 다원성을 분석하는 연구를 시도하고 있다. 근대 초 프랑스 여성사 연구는 초기 크리스틴 드 피장 등으로 대표되는 여성 작가의 글을 분석하면서 활성화되었지만, 최근 들어 가족과 국가라는 사적/공적 영역이 어떻게 관련을 맺고 있으며 가부장제가 근대국가의 정당성을 제공하는 논리로 활용된 양상을 젠더이론을 도입해 추적하고 있다.
Abstract
The paper has an intention to suggest a variety of research issues raised in French women’s history and to observe their historiographic trends from the 1960's to present day. In French academic field, women’s history was based on the deep tradition of empirical methodology, focusing not on ‘women’ but rather on ‘social relations between the sexes’. Therefore, there is a constant difference between French scholarship and that of Anglo-American tradition, which was found primarily on ‘gender theory’. In recent years, researchers of French women’s history tried to unite the empirical rigor and the theoretical creativity of each traditions. Women’s history of medieval France began with controversy over the status of women in the feudalism and medieval church culture, proposed by George Duby. After the introduction of the gender theory, researchers of women's history in medieval France started to develop the concept of alternative female culture or gender differences inherent in the female subjects. Likewise, researchers in women's history of early modern France, at first, was interested mostly in the female writers such as Christine de Pizan. Currently, the main issues in women's history of early modern France was family/state relationship, and how the patriarchal system was applied to justify the modern state and absolute monarchy.
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