조선후기 경주 최부자댁의 가족구성과 노비경영 — 호구단자를 중심으로 —

Abstract

This study set out to investigate the family composition and servant management of the rich Choi family in Gyodong, Gyeongju by analyzing its Hogu Danja. Comprised of 38 Maes, the Hogu Danja had records of total 1,831 people including the immediate and collateral family members and servants of the heads of households. Immediate family members, collateral family members, and servants were 152, 7, and 1,672, respectively, accounting for 8.1%, 0.4%, and 91.3%, respectively. The population size per Hogu Danja was average 4, 02. and 44 for immediate family members, collateral family members, and subordinate people, respectively. The heads of households held various occupations including Yuhak, Saengwon, and Pumjik and were married to women of prominent families representing the Gyeongsang Province including Lee family of Jinseong, Kim family of Uiseong, and Ryu family of Pungsan. The occupations of their father-in-laws showed a similar distribution to theirs. An absolute majority of household members were servants. The rich Choi family had fewer than ten servants at the end of the 17th century. By the middle 18th century when Choi Seung-ryeol was registered as the head of household, the number made a huge increase to approximately 50. It peaked at 70~80 in the latter half of the 18th century and kept making small increases and decreases in the early 18th century. It made a small increase around 1837 when the family moved to Gyodong and continued to drop since then. The servants of the rich Choi family had diverse records in Hogu Danja including servants living within the house of the head of household, those living in other areas, those who fled, and those who died. At the time of recording in Hogu Danja, the family had 896 Sol servants and 356 Oibang servants that were alive. The number of servants that fled, died, and were purchased at a bargain was 358, 26, and 35, respectively. The purchases of servants were concentrated during the latter part of the 18th century when Choi Eon-gyeong(Choi Gyeong) was registered as the head of household. In the rich Choi family, servants that fled accounted for average 23.2% for the Sik year. Overall, the percentage of those who fled increased in the 19th century. After years of fluctuations, the percentage continued to surpass 30% since the middle 19th century. There were no records of servants that fled in 1870 and after 1879. Finally, the study examined the distribution of Oibang servants in the rich Choi family by the period. They accounted for average 29.9% in the entire servants of the family, and their percentage varied widely according to different periods. The percentage of Oibang servants was higher in the 18th century than the 19th century, when the percentage made a sharp decrease. There were no more records of Oibang servants in the Hogu Danja of the rich Choi family since 1843.