『조행일록』으로 본 19세기 조운의 운영실태
A Study on Marine Transportaion System in the Late 19th Century
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초록
This study is intended to look into the gathering and transportation of national taxes in the 19th century, based on a diary Johaengilrok(漕行日錄) written by an officer. Author of the diary is Johiback(趙熙百), Mayor of Hamyol county and Commander of transporting fleet to Seoul 1875. I reviewed the diary as following process. First, the geographical condition of Sungdang and the process of gathering taxes were probed. Sungdang port has various facilities like warehouses, ships, a shaman’s shrine and a ship laborers’ waiting hall. The fleet, made up of 12 vessels, started for Seoul in the morning 21st of March 1875, with their 240 crews. All the vessel hold total over 12 thousand suk (石, a unit of volume equal to about 78 liters) of grains on their boards. The grains consisted of five different taxes including land tax(田稅), general tax(大同), royal tributes(各宮上納), and grains for two special troops(砲粮米⋅三手米). Second, I put a special interest on the Convoy System. All of 12 vessels have always to sail under the pilots not to lose their way. They have passed 39 counties and naval bases to arrive at their final destination Sogang Depot, Seoul. This method appeared apparent in the “Sailing Route(漕運路程記)”, appendix of the diary. It took 25 days from Sungdang Port to Sogang Depot. Out of 25 days, Johiback’s fleet paid 11 days in the Han River, and wasted 7 days waiting for a good wind and tide to sail. Rainy day they stopped, and at low ebb they couldn’t advanced. In 1876 the next year of the diary was written, Opening the Ports of Korea was proclaimed, and Tax pay system through money put in force abolishing the marine transportation sysem of the grains tax.
Abstract
This study is intended to look into the gathering and transportation of national taxes in the 19th century, based on a diary Johaengilrok(漕行日錄) written by an officer. Author of the diary is Johiback(趙熙百), Mayor of Hamyol county and Commander of transporting fleet to Seoul 1875. I reviewed the diary as following process. First, the geographical condition of Sungdang and the process of gathering taxes were probed. Sungdang port has various facilities like warehouses, ships, a shaman’s shrine and a ship laborers’ waiting hall. The fleet, made up of 12 vessels, started for Seoul in the morning 21st of March 1875, with their 240 crews. All the vessel hold total over 12 thousand suk (石, a unit of volume equal to about 78 liters) of grains on their boards. The grains consisted of five different taxes including land tax(田稅), general tax(大同), royal tributes(各宮上納), and grains for two special troops(砲粮米⋅三手米). Second, I put a special interest on the Convoy System. All of 12 vessels have always to sail under the pilots not to lose their way. They have passed 39 counties and naval bases to arrive at their final destination Sogang Depot, Seoul. This method appeared apparent in the “Sailing Route(漕運路程記)”, appendix of the diary. It took 25 days from Sungdang Port to Sogang Depot. Out of 25 days, Johiback’s fleet paid 11 days in the Han River, and wasted 7 days waiting for a good wind and tide to sail. Rainy day they stopped, and at low ebb they couldn’t advanced. In 1876 the next year of the diary was written, Opening the Ports of Korea was proclaimed, and Tax pay system through money put in force abolishing the marine transportation sysem of the grains tax.
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