한국전쟁기 제주지역사회의 변동

Abstract

The Korean war changed both the features of the Korean Society and affected local communities. The experiences in the war accelerated social conflicts and changes in the local communities, those aspects were shown differently according to the diversity of individual community. Also Jeju island had some changes and conflicts in its local level. These changes were driven and led by the state power outside. Jeju island played a few kinds of roles during the war; it covered a POW camp and boot camp for the Army; in addition, many refugees flocked into Jeju. When the progress of battles were bad, Jeju was once taken a notice of a withdrawal place for the R.O.K government, but it was just an island as a harbor in the war. However the large influx of the refugees accelerated the changes of Jeju society with varied conflicts were from political and social ground. The relation between native Jeju residents and the refugees showed social conflicts; the former experienced strong suppression by search-and-destroy that was performed military and police troops from the main land, the latter was becoming its influence onto local society in Jeju island. It superficially looked that there have been arguments between Jeju native residents and refugees from main land around relief supplies, but substantially there were deep rooted mutual distrust and strangeness. In this process, some refugees considered native residents the reds and tried to hold the leadership of local politics in Jeju island. The central government of R.O.K chose its co-operators, who came from the main land. As non-native people in Jeju took the leadership in the area of administration, the administration of justice, and the police, native elite groups became to decline. Some native elites still continue to take their local power in the island, but they were subjugated to the central government-ultra right wing regime. While the native elites were declining, it was a new opportunity for general native Jeju island residents to rebirth the people of the R.O.K out of the scarlet letter, the Reds in April 3 struggle. Rhee regime encouraged Jeju island the rear base. Jeju island residents had to make efforts to be approved as the real nation with going the army, joining student soldiers, and making Jeju the place of refugee. There was no way for Jeju island residents except rushing into anti-communism front during the Korean war.