일제시기 재조선 일본인 학교조합제도의 변천과 성격 ― <학교조합령> 제정과 개정 내용을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

School unions in Korea during Japanese Colonial Period were public organizations by Japanese living in Korea to establish and operate schools for their children. &lt;School Union Law> was enacted on December 27, 1909 and enforced since January 1 of the following year by the Residency-General of Japan. Including this decree of enactment, &lt;School Union Law> experienced three major changes until late Japanese Colonial Period such as revision decrees in 1914 and 1931. Through enactment decree of &lt;School Union Law>, school unions settled as the core body of establishing and operating Japanese schools. Such phenomenon was maintained until the end of Japanese Colonial Period. Total of 506 school unions were established since 1908 until mid 1944, taking up 98.7% of all Pu's and districts. Schools established and operated by school unions included primary schools and girls' high schools, but primary schools took up 94% on annual average. In 1914, the Japanese Empire abolished settlement corporations and promoted <Pu-system> while revising &lt;School Union Law>. School unions were established also in Pu. School unions in Pu regions succeeded most of educational tasks and profitable assets of traditional resident corporations. The Japanese Empire attempted to continue discriminating education policies for Koreans and Japanese in Pu, and to cover up Japanese discontent on abolition of settlement corporations. This is because autonomic functions of Japanese on education were partially acknowledged by permitting installation of school unions under <Pu-system>The revision decree on &lt;School Union Law> in 1931 abolished school unions in Pu regions. 'Department 1 of the Special Economy Ministry' and 'Department 1 of Education Assembly' were installed in Pu to be in charge of the roles previously performed by school unions. Though school unions were abolished by the system and integrated into Pu, actual functions of school unions were maintained, only with changes in affiliation, name and form. The reason for the Japanese Empire to revise &lt;School Union Law> was to maintain educational policy for separation of Koreans from Japanese through active methods, applying appropriate changes depending on historical conditions and time. School unions were actually abolished after the fall of the Japanese Empire.