일제 식민지기 死者공간의 배치와 이미지 형성 - 공동묘지와 화장장을 중심으로 -
The Spatial Layout and the Image Formation of the Death Spaces in the Cities in Korea during the Japanese Colonial Rule - Especially on Modern Cemetery and Crematorium -
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The Japanese Government-General of Korea legislated “the Regulation of Cemetery, Burial and Cremation”(the Regulation of Cemetery) in 1912. Modern cemeteries were formed by the regulation. These cemeteries were embraced very slowly in Korea, but the places were expelled from colonial cities. There was distinct separation by ethnic groups in the places of the dead. The separation made Koreans to reconfirm and imagine ethnic discrimination. Not only that, crematoriums where Japanese used mostly made conflicts in the colony. In conflicts over private cemeteries, however, a social class was more important factor. Especially the places of the dead became a field of class conflicts by the revision of the regulation in 1919 and 1921. The regulation was not a target of resistance any more but a basis of claims in the conflicts. The colonial power stepped back from the problems in the name of the law. But they remained a spectator in only specific situations that Korean didn’t cross the line. The places were rearranged spatially and cognitively in these processes. The rearrangement of the places had an effect on forming new images of death. The places of the dead were awful and sacred in traditional Korea, but the cemeteries and the crematoriums became unsanitary and ominous in colonial period. Especially the crematoriums made more negative images than the cemeteries. The crematoriums were regarded as disposal facilities. But at the same time, the crematoriums had an image of modern factories. Meanwhile, the colonial power gave new image to the places after the mid 1930’s when was put on a war footing. They made war memorials and cemeteries as sacred places. There should be no ethnic distinction in these places. They wanted to make the places as the sacred places for the war, so they promoted a campaign of beautification for the cemeteries. The places of the dead in the colonial period had the contradictory images simultaneously. The death was not only a memorial but also filth in modern Korea. It is very different from the traditional status of the death, and it can be said of the one output of the colonial modernity.
Abstract
The Japanese Government-General of Korea legislated “the Regulation of Cemetery, Burial and Cremation”(the Regulation of Cemetery) in 1912. Modern cemeteries were formed by the regulation. These cemeteries were embraced very slowly in Korea, but the places were expelled from colonial cities. There was distinct separation by ethnic groups in the places of the dead. The separation made Koreans to reconfirm and imagine ethnic discrimination. Not only that, crematoriums where Japanese used mostly made conflicts in the colony. In conflicts over private cemeteries, however, a social class was more important factor. Especially the places of the dead became a field of class conflicts by the revision of the regulation in 1919 and 1921. The regulation was not a target of resistance any more but a basis of claims in the conflicts. The colonial power stepped back from the problems in the name of the law. But they remained a spectator in only specific situations that Korean didn’t cross the line. The places were rearranged spatially and cognitively in these processes. The rearrangement of the places had an effect on forming new images of death. The places of the dead were awful and sacred in traditional Korea, but the cemeteries and the crematoriums became unsanitary and ominous in colonial period. Especially the crematoriums made more negative images than the cemeteries. The crematoriums were regarded as disposal facilities. But at the same time, the crematoriums had an image of modern factories. Meanwhile, the colonial power gave new image to the places after the mid 1930’s when was put on a war footing. They made war memorials and cemeteries as sacred places. There should be no ethnic distinction in these places. They wanted to make the places as the sacred places for the war, so they promoted a campaign of beautification for the cemeteries. The places of the dead in the colonial period had the contradictory images simultaneously. The death was not only a memorial but also filth in modern Korea. It is very different from the traditional status of the death, and it can be said of the one output of the colonial modernity.
참고문헌 (50)
- "동아일보", ~
- "매일신보", ~
- "시대일보", ~
- "조선일보", ~
- "조선중앙일보", ~
- "중외일보", ~
- "조광", ~
- "京城日報", ~
- "大阪每日新聞", ~
- "경무휘보", ~
- "京城彙報", ~
- "조선총독부관보", ~
- 경성부 위생과, "경성부 위생시설개요", ~ (1928)
- 철원헌병분대, "墓籍屆", ~ (1915)
- 예산헌병분대, "墓籍屆", ~ (1916)
- 염상섭, "만세전" (1924), 高麗公司
- "朝鮮聞見錄", ~
- 김경숙, "조선의 묘지 소송 - 산송, 옛사람들의 시시비비" (2012), 문학동네
- 김백영, "지배와 공간-식민지도시 경성과 제국 일본" (2009), 문학과지성사
- 김상태, "윤치호 일기 : 1916-1943" (2001), 역사비평사
- 김영식, "그와 나 사이를 걷다-망우리 비명(碑銘)으로 읽는 근현대 인물사" (2009), 골든에이지
- 송현동, "서울 사람들의 죽음, 그리고 삶" (2012), 서울특별시 시사편찬위원회
- 하상복, "죽은 자의 정치학" (2014), 모티브북
- 한민주, "권력의 도상학-식민지 시기 파시즘과 시각 문화" (2013), 소명출판
- 서울역사박물관, "서울지도", 서울역사박물관, ~ (2006)
- 서울특별시사편찬위원회, "사진으로 보는 서울 1–개항 이후 서울의 근대화와 그 시련" (2002), 서울특별시사편찬위원회
- 서울특별시사편찬위원회, "서울의 능묘" (2010), 서울특별시사편찬위원회
- 방광석, "일본신문 조선독립운동기사집Ⅲ" (2012), 한국독립운동사연구소
- 권혁건, "나쓰메 소세키의 『산시로』와염상섭의 『만세전』비교 연구 ―기차 안 승객의 현실인식을 중심으로―", 일본근대학연구, (35), pp.71~86 (2012), 한국일본근대학회[DOI]
- 김선경, "조선후기 산송과 산림 소유권의 실태", 동방학지, 77 (1993), 연세대학교 국학연구원
- 다카무라 료헤이, "공동묘지를 통해서 본 식민지시대 서울-1910년대를 중심으로", 서울학연구, 15 (2000), 서울학연구소
- 김성남, "1910년대 식민지 조선에 대한 중국의 인식 - 중국인이 쓴 조선 답사기 3종을 중심으로", 사림, (23), pp.61~87 (2005), 수선사학회
- 류교열, "1920년대 식민지 海港都市 부산의 일본인 사회와「죽음」의 폴리틱스", 일어일문학, (39), pp.305~321 (2008), 대한일어일문학회[DOI]
- 류교열, "일제강점하 부산의 지역개발과 도시문화" (2009), 선인
- 류교열, "1930년대 식민지 해항도시 부산의 일본인사회와 ‘죽음’의 폴리틱스", 일어일문학, (49), pp.365~377 (2011), 대한일어일문학회[DOI]
- 이형식, "1910년대 조선총독부의 위생정책과 조선사회", 한림일본학 (구 한림일본학연구), (20), pp.5~28 (2012), 일본학연구소[DOI]
- 이형식, "일기를 통해 본 전통과 근대, 식민지와 국가" (2013), 소명출판
- 정일영, "일제시기 장묘제도 변화의 의미 - <묘지규칙>과 공동묘지를 중심으로 -", 역사연구, (25), pp.73~114 (2013), 역사학연구소
- 정일영, "1910년대 묘지 통제에 담긴 일제 식민지배의 논리", 한국민족운동사연구, (80), pp.79~124 (2014), 한국민족운동사학회
- 정일영, "일제강점기 '묘지규칙'을 통해 본 식민자와 피식민자의 간극 - 한국인의 반응과 제도상의 문제점을 중심으로 -", 한국근현대사연구, (72), pp.7~50 (2015), 한국근현대사학회
- 정호기, "식민지의 일상 지배와 균열" (2006), 문화과학사
- 崔起榮, "근대사상의 양화진", 교회사연구, 22 (2003), 한국교회사연구소
- 한만수, "「만세전」과 공동묘지령, 선산과 북망산 - 염상섭의 「만세전」에 대한 신역사주의적 해석", 한국문학연구, (39), pp.95~137 (2010), 한국문학연구소[DOI]
- 李相旭, "植民地朝鮮における墓地規則改定(1919年)について", 歷史學硏究, 915 (2014)
- 今井昭彦, "家族と墓" (2003), 早稲田大学出版部
- 髙村竜平, "大東亞共榮圈の文化建設" (2009), 人文書院
- 髙村竜平, "葬法選択と墳墓からみた朝鮮の近代", 韓国朝鮮の文化と社会, 8 (2009), 韓国朝鮮文化研究会
- Bernstein, Andrew, "Modern Passings-Death Rites, Politics, and Social Change in Imperial Japan, Honolulu" (2006), Univ of Hawaii Press
- Black, Monica, "Death in Berlin-From Weimar to Divided Germany" (2013), Cambridge University Press
- Lederman, Gary, "The Sacred Remains-American Attitudes Toward Death 1799-1883" (1999), Yale University