일제강점하 ‘동지장(同志葬) 문화’의 출현 배경과 성격

Abstract

Funerals, the last rite of passage for a human being, are held based on the feelings of sadness and mourning of those who are left behind. This is based on the ‘ethical responsibility’ of those left behind based on the sense of loss of mutual ties. However, amid conditions that even the responsibilities of ‘sadness’ and 'adoration’ based on human nature and customary ethics are undermined, new term and cultural form that emerged in the mid-1920s are ‘Dongji-Jang Culture’, that is ‘Danche-Jang(social organizations-led funeral)’ and ‘Dongji-Jang(comrades-led funeral)’. From this point of view, this article summarizes the background of the emergence of the term ‘Dongji- Jang’ in Japanese colonial era, the process, pattern, and nature of it being established as a funeral culture. First, we looked at three main reasons for the emergence of the ‘Dongji-Jang Culture’. The first was in response to the Japanese authorities' ban on ‘public mourning’, the second was the influence of critical public opinion against the public funeral, that is ‘distribution of mourning’, and the third was a direct issue to prepare for public expenses such as funeral expenses. Next, focusing on 24 cases(1927-1936) of the promotion of Dongji-Jang and 29 cases(1925-1932) of the promotion of Danche-Jang, the current status, pattern, and nature of the prohibition situation were comprehensively examined. Through this, it was confirmed that this public mourning ritual belonged to a kind of ‘the right to have rights’ and that ‘personal experiences of neglect’ had the character of ‘semantic bridges that could enable collective identity’ that could move toward social movements. Key words : public mourning, Dongji-Jang(comrades-led funeral), Danche-Jang(social organizations-led funeral), public funeral, distribution of mourning, the right to have rights, Japapnese colonial era