중국의 해양영토인식과 국정 역사교과서의 서술 변화
China's Perception of Its Marine Territory and a Change to the Contents of State-prescribed History Textbooks
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With the marine territory dispute recently deepening in East Asia, not only Asian nations and the region as a whole are heightening tensions in their relationships. Asian nations take the advantage of territorial issues, provoking the people's nationalist emotions. The middle school 『compulsory education textbook of Chinese History』 of People Education Press, compiled in 2016 by the Chinese Ministry of Education, is aware of the ongoing marine territory disputes between China and its surrounding nations, and emphasizes in various parts that China has historically owned “South China Sea islands” since ancient times as shown in ancient maps and other subsequent historical materials. It is particularly noted that the textbooks emphasize that Spratly Islands and other South China Sea islands, Diaoyudao, etc. have been part of the Chinese territory. Amid the various nations laying claim to the ownership of South China Sea, the Chinese history textbooks claims China's historical sovereignty over South China Sea and South China Sea islands, and this move is seen as making the Western Pacific region its own inland sea, causing concerns. China sees the issue of its claimed sovereignty over South China Sea and East China Sea as an unconceivable key interest relating to its sovereignty. According to this position of the Chinese government, it appears that its textbooks also emphasize the statement about its marine territory, and that China, through the state-prescribed textbooks, intends to more clearly educate the Chinese people about its state will. The Chinese history textbooks, including the middle school 『History Textbooks』 of People Education Press, published in 2016, are deemed to reflect the Chinese state policy more faithfully and clearly than in the past. As such, Chinese history education is reorganized into a system by which only state-prescribed textbooks have to be used, but this move goes against the reformation and open policy that the times call for. In addition, East Asian nations, through their history books, competitively reinforce their education on territory in the way that they emphasize territorial disputes, and this development will only make the territorial dispute difficult by transferring the current territorial dispute to future generations.
Abstract
With the marine territory dispute recently deepening in East Asia, not only Asian nations and the region as a whole are heightening tensions in their relationships. Asian nations take the advantage of territorial issues, provoking the people's nationalist emotions. The middle school 『compulsory education textbook of Chinese History』 of People Education Press, compiled in 2016 by the Chinese Ministry of Education, is aware of the ongoing marine territory disputes between China and its surrounding nations, and emphasizes in various parts that China has historically owned “South China Sea islands” since ancient times as shown in ancient maps and other subsequent historical materials. It is particularly noted that the textbooks emphasize that Spratly Islands and other South China Sea islands, Diaoyudao, etc. have been part of the Chinese territory. Amid the various nations laying claim to the ownership of South China Sea, the Chinese history textbooks claims China's historical sovereignty over South China Sea and South China Sea islands, and this move is seen as making the Western Pacific region its own inland sea, causing concerns. China sees the issue of its claimed sovereignty over South China Sea and East China Sea as an unconceivable key interest relating to its sovereignty. According to this position of the Chinese government, it appears that its textbooks also emphasize the statement about its marine territory, and that China, through the state-prescribed textbooks, intends to more clearly educate the Chinese people about its state will. The Chinese history textbooks, including the middle school 『History Textbooks』 of People Education Press, published in 2016, are deemed to reflect the Chinese state policy more faithfully and clearly than in the past. As such, Chinese history education is reorganized into a system by which only state-prescribed textbooks have to be used, but this move goes against the reformation and open policy that the times call for. In addition, East Asian nations, through their history books, competitively reinforce their education on territory in the way that they emphasize territorial disputes, and this development will only make the territorial dispute difficult by transferring the current territorial dispute to future generations.
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