신라 중고기 대왕-갈문왕 체제의 성립과 성골의 출현

Abstract

Galmunwang(葛文王) of the middle ancient period(中古期) Silla has distinct characteristics different from the previous and later periods. The first is that all the king's younger brothers were installed as Galmunwang while they were alive. It is distinguished from the previous period, where the fathers of the king’s mother and the queen were posthumously installed as Galmunwang. With the strengthening of the royal authority since the Nulji Maripgan(訥祇麻立干) period, it seems that from some point onward, the men of the Nulji Maripgan lineage were installed as Galmunwang while they were alive and became the king's political partner. Ipjong Galmunwang(立宗葛文王) appears after King Beopheung(法興王) in Bongpyeong Silla Stele in Uljin(蔚珍鳳坪新羅碑), and appears as the main agent of Gyo(敎) along with the King Beopheung and other nobles. Sukheuljong(肅訖宗) married Geumgwan Gaya(金官伽倻) lineage and played a decisive role in this lineage's close relationship with the royal family of the middle ancient period. The second characteristic is that only the descendants of the king (or great king) and Galmunwang were crowned king. King Jinheung(眞興王) was the child of Ipjong Galmunwang and King Jindeok(眞德王) was the child of Gukban Galmunwang(國飯葛文王). The installation of king's younger brothers to Galmunwang while they are alive is an extension of the earlier perception. The fact that the father of king’s mother and the queen was mostly Galmunwang also means that the king can only appear among the king's descendants. This is because most of the king’s father was also king. Even when king’s father was not a king, he was posthumously installed as Galmunwang to become a king. If the younger brother is installed as Galmunwang and becomes king, the succession to the throne is naturally possible only among the descendants of the great king-Galmunwang. This is also related to the Seonggol(聖骨, Sacred Bone), since it is considered that Seonggol is composed mainly of the family of the great king-Galmunwang. In the period of King Jinpyeong(眞平王), the phrase “聖骨男盡(There are no Seonggol men left)” appeared because there were no men among the descendants of King Jinpyeong and his younger brothers who were Galmunwang. In addition to installing a younger brother as Galmunwang, it seems that the previous system that posthumously installed the father of the king's mother and the queen as Galmunwang also partly continued. If the younger brothers of the great king were installed as Galmunwang and assisted the king, and if the descendants of the great king and Galmunwang composed Seonggol and only they could ascend to the throne, it can be considered as a kind of the “great king-Galmunwang system.”