신라 갈문왕호의 성립배경에 관한 연구

Abstract

Galmunwang(葛文王) is a unique ‘king’ that appears only in Silla. Except for one, all of them were existed only in the early period of Silla. Despite the fact that Silla did not use the title ‘King’ until the reign of King Beopheung(法興王), they were called king. The purpose of this article is to figure out when and in what background the royal title Galmunwang was established. There are three qualifications for becoming Galmunwang. The first is the father of the queen and the king's mother, the second is the father of the king, and the third is the younger brother of the king. The first case of the qualification is thought to be bestowed posthumously at once in posterity. The father of the queen and the king's mother appears as Galmunwang only with this qualification, and there is no record that they were bestowed as Galmunwang in other ways. Considering the international situation, establishment of father-to-son hereditary succession, and the fact that father of Silsung Maripgan(實聖麻立干)'s mother was not Galmunwang, the bestowal was likely to occur during the reign of Nulji Maripgan(訥祇麻立干). Especially the repair of the royal tombs in the 19th year of Nulji Maripgan's reign could be possible only after the arrangement of the line of former kings, therefore this period can be the starting point of bestowal. The second case of the qualification is thought to be the bestowal of a posthumous title, or the system of that, for the father of the king. After the bestowal of Bak Ado(朴阿道) for Galmunwang in the 15th year of Ilseong Yisageum(逸聖尼師今), there were cases of bestowal for the king's father as a Galmunwang. Ilseong Yisageum's genealogy of father was ambiguous, Cheomhae Yisageum(沾解尼師今) had a strong rival, and Michu Yisageum(味鄒尼師今) was the first King with the family name Kim. All of them needed to secure their legitimacy. The bestowal for the king's father which was started in the reign of Ilseong Yisageum was established gradually since then. The time when the royal title was used, as for the Maegeumwang(寐錦王) as well as Galmunwang(葛文王), can be estimated during the reign of Nulji Maripgan. If so, the differences in the time of using the title Maripgan between History of the Three Kingdoms(三國史記) and Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms(三國遺事) can be overcome. This change is closely related to the establishment of consciousness of prince's rule. The various conditions during the reign of Nulji Maripgan as mentioned above became the basis upon the establishment of consciousness of prince's rule. Galmunwang is closely related to the use of Silla's royal title, and the development of royal authority and the establishment of consciousness of prince's rule provided a background for that.