후보자 도덕성과 도시, 농촌, 교외의 투표 행태 : 2020년 미국 대선 결과를 중심으로
Candidate Morality and Urban, Rural, and Suburban Voting Behavior : Focusing on the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
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본 연구는 2020년 미국 대선 결과를 중심으로 도시, 농촌, 그리고 교외 지역 주민의 투표행태를 분석하고 있다. 2000년대 이후 미국에서 지역기반 정체성이 강화되며 도농 양극화가 높은 수준에 이르고 있다. 이에 따라 도시 지역은 민주당, 시골 지역은 공화당의 강한 당파색을 드러내고 있다. 그 결과 도시와 시골 지역에 거주하는 주민들은 도덕성이 낮은 후보자를 선거를 통해 배제하지 못하고 있다. 통계 및 사례분석 결과 2020년 미국 대선에는 재임 당시 많은 도덕적 논란을 빚었던 도널드 트럼프 후보가 출마했음에도 후보자 도덕성을 중요하게 생각하는 도시, 시골 거주민들의 투표 행태는 그렇지 않은 주민들과 차이가 없었다. 이와는 달리 도시와 시골의 특징을 모두 갖고 있는 교외 지역에서는 후보자 도덕성을 중요하게 여길수록 트럼프 후보에 대해 표를 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 교육 수준이 높은 경우 이러한 경향이 더욱 명확하게 나타났다.
Abstract
Since the 2000s, in the United States, the place-based identity of urban and rural areas has been strengthened, and the polarization between urban and rural areas has risen to a high level. As a result, residents living in urban or rural areas tended to cast partisan votes even when they considered the candidate's morality important. Although Donald Trump, who caused many political and moral controversies during his tenure, ran for the 2020 election, urban or rural residents' thoughts on candidate morality did not lead to avoidance of Trump. On the contrary, it was found that suburban residents did not vote for Trump as they valued candidate morality. This trend was more pronounced, especially in the case of more educated suburban residents.
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