네트워킹 행동과 경력지향성이 이직의도에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Networking Behavior and Career Orientation on Turnover Intention
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이직은 조직성과와 개인의 경력관리 측면에서 중요한 요인이다. 전통적으로 이직연구에서는 직무태도와 같은 개인 차원의 변수가 강조되었지만 새로운 경력유형의 등장에 따라 다양한 선행요인의 고찰이 요구된다. 본 연구는 사회적 네트워크 이론을 기반으로 조직구성원들의 조직 내부 혹은 외부 네트워킹 행동(networking behavior)이 이직의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 그리고 네트워킹 행동의 차이를 예측하는 선행요인으로 개인의 경력지향성(career orientation)의 효과를 검증하고, 경력지향성, 네트워킹 행동, 이직의도의 이론적 관계를 탐색적으로 고찰하였다. 국내 제조업 5개 회사에 근무하는 287명으로부터 수집한 자료를 통해 연구과제를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내부 네트워킹 행동과 외부 네트워킹 행동 모두 이직의도를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 둘째, 일반관리자 지향성이 강한 개인은 내부 및 외부 네트워킹 행동 모두를 증가시켰으나 전문가 지향성은 예상과 달리 네트워킹 행동과 관련되지 않았다. 셋째, 일반관리자 지향성은 내부 및 외부 네트워킹 행동을 매개로 이직의도를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으나 전문가 지향성에 대해서는 네트워킹 행동의 매개효과를 발견할 수 없었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 조직구성원의 경력개발과 성과향상을 위한 네트워킹 행동의 구축과 지원이 필요하다는 점 등 실무적인 시사점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Previous research on voluntary turnover has mainly focused on job attitudes such as organizational commitment. However, turnover is basically relational phenomenon, so that social relationships may serve as a new antecedents of turnover. In this study, we introduced internal and external networking behavior and examine what effects they have on voluntary turnover. Moreover, considering the recently emerging career patterns like protean career or boundaryless career, we also investigate how employees’ career orientations relate to different type of networking behavior. Finally, we explore the possible mediating role of networking behavior between career orientation and turnover. Analysis of the data from 287 individuals in Korean firms produced following results: 1) Both type of networking behaviors (i.e., internal and external) were negatively associated with turnover. 2) General manager(GM) orientation was positively related with internal networking. But, contrary to our expectation, employees with GM orientation also increased their external networking. Professional orientation did not exert any significant effects on both type of networking behaviors. 3) Internal and external orientation were found to be a mediator between GM orientation and turnover; but, they did not have any mediating effects between professional orientation and turnover. Based on these findings, we discussed theoretical and practical implications of the study and some directions of future research directions.
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