동아시아 지역의 계절별 기상패턴에 따른 우리나라 PM2.5 농도 및 기여도 특성 분석:2015년 집중측정 기간을 중심으로
Analysis of PM2.5 Concentration and Contribution Characteristics in South Korea according to Seasonal Weather Patterns in East Asia : Focusing on the Intensive Measurement Periods in 2015
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초록
본 연구에서는 지상 PM2.5 측정 자료와 일기도 자료, WRF 및 CMAQ 모델을 활용하여 동북아시아 지역의 계절별 PM2.5 거동특성을 분석하였으며, 대기질 모델에 BFM을 적용하여 우리나라 PM2.5 농도에 대한 계절별 국내외 기여도를 평가하였다. 일기도 자료를 기반으로 국내 PM2.5 측정 자료 및 대기질 모사결과를 통해 PM2.5의 거동특성을 분석한 결과, 동북아 지역에서의 PM2.5는 장거리 수송된 대기오염 물질의 유입 및 대기정체 현상에 기인한 농도의 증가 또는 깨끗한 공기의 유입에 따른 농도의 감소 등의 특징이 계절별 종관기상 특성에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 대기질 모델에 BFM (Brute-Force Method)을 적용하여 우리나라 6개 집중측정소 지점의 PM2.5 농도에 대한 국내외 기여도 평가를 수행한 결과, 백령도 지역은 낮은 자체 배출량과 동시에 중국으로부터 인접한 지리적 특성으로 인해 국외로부터의 기여가 지배적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 서울, 울산과 같이 높은 자체 배출량 특성을 나타내는 지역의 경우, PM2.5에 대한 국외 기여도는 타 지역에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타남과 동시에 계절에 따른 기여도의표준편차는 상대적으로 높게 나타나는 특징을 보였다. 본 연구는 우리나라를 중심으로 계절별 기상조건변화에 따른 동북아 지역의 PM2.5 거동특성을 분석하여 국내 대기오염물질 현상에 대한 이해를 증진함과 동시에, 지역 배출특성에 따라 PM2.5 농도에 대한 국내외 기여도는 상이할 수 있음을 알려 향후 대기질 개선 대책 수립시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
In this study, the characteristics of seasonal PM2.5 behavior in South Korea and other Northeast Asian regions were analyzed by using the PM2.5 ground measurement data, weather data, WRF and CMAQ models. Analysis of seasonal PM2.5 behavior in Northeast Asia showed that PM2.5 concentration at 6 IMS sites in South Korea was increased by long-distance transport and atmospheric congestion, or decreased by clean air inflow due to seasonal weather characteristics. As a result of analysis by applying BFM to air quality model, the contribution from foreign countries dominantly influenced the PM2.5 concentrations of Baengnyeongdo due to the low self-emission and geographical location. In the case of urban areas with high self-emissions such as Seoul and Ulsan, the PM2.5 contribution from overseas was relatively low compared to other regions, but the standard deviation of the season was relatively high. This study is expected to improve the understanding of the air pollutant phenomenon by analyzing the characteristics of PM2.5 behavior in Northeast Asia according to the seasonal weather condition change. At the same time, this study can be used to establish the air quality policy in the future, knowing that the contribution of PM2.5 concentration to the domestic and overseas can be different depending on the regional emission characteristics.
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