고성과작업시스템, 고용불안정성, 그리고 조직성과 - 고성과작업시스템과 고용불안정성 간의 상호작용효과를 중심으로 -
High Performance Work System and Job Insecurity on Organizational Performance - Main Effects and Interactions -
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초록
고성과작업시스템(HPWS)은 공동체적인 가치와 철학에서 출발하여 종업원의 역량을 지속적으로 개발하고 동기를 부여하여 기업의 성과를 높이려는 경영시스템이다. 고용불안정성은 종업원 개인이 현재의 고용상태가 앞으로도 존속할 것인가에 대한 위협 및 우려를 말하며, 해고의 위협을 느끼는 개인뿐만 아니라 해당 조직 수준에서도 고용불안정성은 상당한 영향을 미치고 있다. HPWS가 종업원 개인과 기업 수준의 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 연구 및 고용불안정성이 개인의 심리적 기제와 기업 수준의 성과에 부정적으로 작용한다는 연구들은 적지 않으나, 이들 간의 상호작용에 관한 연구는 매우 드물다. 본 연구는 HPWS 및 고용불안정성이 각각 기업 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 가설과 고용불안정성이 HPWS의 긍정적인 영향을 억제한다는 가설을 수립하고 한국노동연구원의 사업체패널(WPS) 3개년도 자료에서 추출한 4755개의 표본으로 패널을 구성하여 종단적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 고성과작업시스템이 강화되면 자발적 이직인원수가 줄어들고 인지된 조직성과가 향상되고 있음을 검증하였다. 둘째, 고용불안정성이 높아지면 자발적 이직인원수가 늘어나며 인지된 조직성과가 저하되는 관계임을 확인하였다. 셋째, 고성과작업시스템과 고용불안정성 간의 상호작용이 자발적 이직인원수 및 인지된 조직성과에 미치는 효과는 시스템 수준에서는 유의하지 않지만 일부 하위 정책수준에서는 상승적이거나 완충적인 상호작용이 혼재함을 검증하였다. 즉, 성과평가의 정책이 강화되면 자발적 이직인원이 늘어나는 효과는 고용불안정성이 증가함에 따라 강화되며, 높은 보상의 정책이 강화되면 자발적 이직인원이 감소하는 긍정적인 효과는 고용불안정성이 높아짐에 따라 감소하며, 정보공유 및 소통 정책이 증가하면 조직성과가 향상되는 효과는 고용불안정성이 높아짐에 따라 감소함을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Based on the communitarian values and philosophy, High Performance Work System (HPWS) is one of the management systems to develop the ability of and motivate employees, thereby enhancing the firm performance. Job insecurity is the perceived threat of job loss and the worries related to that threat, concerning regarding the future continuity of the current job. Job insecurity affects not only individuals who feel the threat of unemployment, but also have impact on firm’s survival and performance. Researchers agree in general that HPWS positively impacts on firm’s collective effectiveness and performance. Studies on job insecurity continues to report that voluntary turnover and downsizing due to job insecurity negatively affect performance at the firm level and the psychological mechanism at the personal level. However, researches on the interaction between the job insecurity and HPWS are very limited. Using longitudinal panel data from Work Place Survey of Korea Labor Institute, This study confirmed that voluntary turnover is reduced and perceived organizational performance is improved as the level of HPWS is enhanced, and voluntary turnover increases and perceived organizational performance become worse when job insecurity is intensified, and Increased job insecurity moderates, in part, the effects of high performance work system on perceived organizational performance and voluntary turnover. Based on these empirical results, this study suggests that careful design be needed when firms select and integrate some compensation and performance evaluation policies not to negatively interact with other work system policies, and job security policy be adopted to enhance organizational effectiveness and performance.
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