소비에트 시대에 등장한 신조어의 조어(造語)적 분석
An Analysis of Neologism Word Formation During the Soviet Era
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This article is dedicated to the derivational analysis of neologisms during the Soviet period. Lexical- semantic innovations caused by the need for nomination of new objects and phenomena vividly reflect the changes that occurred in society during this period. It has been recognized that the major methods of new nomination creation in Russian literary language are affixal word formation, compounding, borrowing, and semantic transfer. In this article, the data is analyzed by affixal derivation and compounding. Thus, nouns with the suffix-ist, -ik, -k (a), -schik/-chik greatly enriched the Russian language in the period from 1952-1995 when the two Dictionaries were published. Neologisms with these suffixes make up to about 12% of the total number of words under investigation. In accordance with this data, formation of neologisms is characterized by the creation of new families of words. For example, the word ‘lobby’ quickly formed such derivatives as lobbist, lobbistkiy, lobbying, etc. The choice of suffixes depends on intralanguage conditions, in particular on the affix’s meaning and its ability to participate in stylistically neutral and emotionally colored unit formation. Thus, the suffix -chik/-schik more often forms a stylistically colored lexical unit that are marked in dictionaries as colloq. - (colloquial): samovolschik, nuclear physicist, kabinetchik etc. Among the suffixes that can influence the change of neologism stylistic coloring are the suffix-k (a): amoralka, zakranka, mineral water, prodlenka, five-story building, etc. About 17% of the analyzed neologisms in the word stock were emotive words, although not all of them have special marks in the DO-95. Compounding (about 4.7%) and abbreviation (about 5.9%) are productive ways of neologism formation. This is probably due to the fact that complex words represent the combination of two independent lexical units resulting in a naming unit. This makes it possible for complex phenomena to be implicitly reflected in the language. The degree of implicitness increases as lexical units are formed through combining abbreviated words and reaches its utmost degree in lexical units formed as the result of only compounding.
Abstract
This article is dedicated to the derivational analysis of neologisms during the Soviet period. Lexical- semantic innovations caused by the need for nomination of new objects and phenomena vividly reflect the changes that occurred in society during this period. It has been recognized that the major methods of new nomination creation in Russian literary language are affixal word formation, compounding, borrowing, and semantic transfer. In this article, the data is analyzed by affixal derivation and compounding. Thus, nouns with the suffix-ist, -ik, -k (a), -schik/-chik greatly enriched the Russian language in the period from 1952-1995 when the two Dictionaries were published. Neologisms with these suffixes make up to about 12% of the total number of words under investigation. In accordance with this data, formation of neologisms is characterized by the creation of new families of words. For example, the word ‘lobby’ quickly formed such derivatives as lobbist, lobbistkiy, lobbying, etc. The choice of suffixes depends on intralanguage conditions, in particular on the affix’s meaning and its ability to participate in stylistically neutral and emotionally colored unit formation. Thus, the suffix -chik/-schik more often forms a stylistically colored lexical unit that are marked in dictionaries as colloq. - (colloquial): samovolschik, nuclear physicist, kabinetchik etc. Among the suffixes that can influence the change of neologism stylistic coloring are the suffix-k (a): amoralka, zakranka, mineral water, prodlenka, five-story building, etc. About 17% of the analyzed neologisms in the word stock were emotive words, although not all of them have special marks in the DO-95. Compounding (about 4.7%) and abbreviation (about 5.9%) are productive ways of neologism formation. This is probably due to the fact that complex words represent the combination of two independent lexical units resulting in a naming unit. This makes it possible for complex phenomena to be implicitly reflected in the language. The degree of implicitness increases as lexical units are formed through combining abbreviated words and reaches its utmost degree in lexical units formed as the result of only compounding.
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