환경영향평가의 시민참여 절차에 관한 해외사례 연구
International Case Study on the Public Participation Procedure in Environmental Impact Assessment
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참고문헌
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초록
우리 사회의 성숙한 민주주의와 보다 지속가능한 환경관리를 위해 다양한 정책과 제도적 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 측면에서 환경영향평가 시 필수적인 과정으로 여겨지는 시민참여의 중요성은 관련 이론 및 실천 영역에서 꾸준히 강조되고 있다. 국내에서도 제한적이나마 여러 형태의 시민 참여가 이루어지고 있으나, 의사결정과정에서 시민들의 의견수렴이 실효적이지 않고 형식적인 절차로 전락했다는 비판은 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제의식을 기반으로 환경영향평가의 시민참여 측면에서 다양한 문제와 정책적 시도를 경험한 외국 사례들의 분석을 통해 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 이를 위해 광범위한 문헌고찰을 통해 환경영향평가에 있어 시민 참여의 의의와 목표 그리고 효율적인 적용을 위한 원칙에 대해 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 미국, 영국, 독일, 일본, 캐나다 등의 시민 참여 제도와 절차에 대해 고찰하였으며 이와 연계된 구체적인 실행 사례 분석을 통해 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 주요 시사점으로는 첫째, 구체적인 시민 참여 가이드라인을 제공할 것, 둘째, 의사결정과정의 투명성을 확보할 것, 셋째, 절차상 참여 가능한 단계를 더욱 확장해 나갈 것, 마지막으로 이해당사자들의 참여기회를 보장할 것 등이다. 본 논문은 국내 환경영향평가에서의 시민 참여 증진을 위해 해외 사례들을 폭넓게 분석한 연구로서 의의를 지니며, 향후 보다 다양한 정책개발 및 실증적 사례 연구를 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
Various policies and institutional efforts are being made for mature democracy and more sustainable administration of our society. In this respect, the importance of civic participation, considered essential in environmental impact assessment, has been consistently emphasized in the relevant theories and practices. Although various methods and forms of public participation are taking place in Korea, criticism is widely understood that collecting citizens’ opinions in the decisionmaking process has become ineffective and formal. Starting from these issues, this paper seeks to learn lessons from the foreign cases in the international context. Extensive literature review was conducted to examine the meaning and objectives of public participation in EIA and the tactical principles. Based on this, the participatory systems and procedures in the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, and Canada were critically reviewed, and the implications were derived through specific cases. The results are, first, the provision of specific public participation guidelines, second, the securing of transparency in the decision-making process, third, the expansion of procedural participation levels, and lastly, the guarantee of participation opportunities. This paperis meaningful as a basic study to enrich discussions on public participation in the domestic EIA hoping to help research through more diverse empirical cases in the future.
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