중국 중소기업의 사내 기업가적 활동, 사회적 네트워크, 환경의 불확실성 그리고 기업성과 간의 관계
Corporate Entrepreneurship Activities, Social Networks, Environmental Uncertainty, and SMEs' Performance in China
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초록
본 연구는 사내 기업가적 활동, 사회적 네트워크, 환경의 불확실성 그리고 이들 상호간의 상호작용적 영향이 중국 중소기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 연구자들은 사내 기업가적 활동 그리고 사회적 네트워크가 미치는 영향과 이들의 상호작용이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 또한 나아가 지각된 환경의 불확실성이 높을 때 이들의 상호작용이 기업성과에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지를 파악하고자 한다. 실증적 연구는 중국 합비성 안휘시에 있는 첨단 산업의 중소기업을 대상으로 수행되었다. 무작위로 선정된 200개 업체에 설문지를 보내고 응답받은 기업들 중에서 불성실한 것을 제외한 164개의 중소기업체가 최종 표본으로 선정되었다. 가설의 검증은 이들 기업들을 대상으로 이루어졌으며 그 결과 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 중국 중소기업의 사내 기업가적 활동들은 기업성과에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 네트워크는 그 자체로는 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않으나 사내 기업가적 활동들 중에서 특히 혁신 및 벤처링 중심의 활동과는 유의한 상호작용적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 혁신 및 벤처링 활동과 사회적 네트워크의 상호작용은 기업에서 지각하는 환경의 불확실성이 높을 때 기업성과에 더욱 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 볼 때 기업가적 활동이 기업성과 개선을 위해 중요할 수 있으며, 사회적 네트워크는 기업가적 활동의 내용에 따라서 적절하게 활용되어야 하며, 특히 환경의 불확실성이 높을 때는 외부자원을 최대한 활용하면서 혁신과 벤처링 활동을 강조하는 것이 중국 중소기업에 있어서는 무엇보다 중요할 수 있음을 연구자들은 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
This study is about the research of corporate entrepreneurship activities, social networks, environmental uncertainty, and their interaction effects on firm performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereafter SMEs) in China. To achieve this, the study investigates the effects of corporate entrepreneurship activities, social networks, and their interaction on SMEs' performance. Further we try to examine whether these effects are moderated by the perceived environmental uncertainty. In order to test hypotheses, we chose 200 SMEs in Hefei, Anhui province and sent questionnaires to them. Of the 200 firms receiving questionnaire, 170 firms responded to the questionnaires but we deleted 6 responding firms due to missing and unreliable information. The results of analysis from 164 samples showed as follows. First, corporate entrepreneurship activities (i.e. innovation and venturing, organizational renewal) were positively related to the performance of SMEs in China. Second, the interaction effects of social network and corporate entrepreneurship activities on SMEs' performance in China were significantly positive only in terms of the interaction with innovation and venturing activities. However, social network itself was not found to have a significant effect on the performance. Finally, we found that these interactions contribute the most to firm's performance in uncertain environments, where effective corporate entrepreneurship activities like as innovation and venturing activities, social networks, and interaction between them were especially important. On the basis of these results, we believed that corporate entrepreneurship activities, social networks, and uncertain environments have an important effect on the improvement of SMEs performance in China.
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