인사고과의 공정성과 진정성 리더십이 고과결과 수용과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
The Impact of Justice Perceptions and Authentic Leadership in Performance Appraisal on the Appraisal Reactions and Organizational Commitment
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본 연구는 인사고과의 공정성 지각과 진정성 리더십이 구성원들의 인사고과결과 수용과 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 공정성 지각과 결과변수들의 관계에 있어서 상사의 진정성 리더십이 조절효과를 갖는지 실증분석하고 있다. 부산‧경남 지역 7개 기업의 직원들을 대상으로 총 280부의 설문지를 배부하여 206부의 설문지를 회수하였고, 이들 자료를 활용하여 가설을 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 인사고과시스템의 공정성은 인사고과의 절차적‧분배적 공정성과 발언기회(voice)의 두 요인으로 도출되었는데, 이들 두 요인 중에 인사고과의 절차적‧분배적 공정성이 구성원들의 고과결과 수용 및 조직몰입을 높여주는 효과를 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 상사의 진정성 리더십은 인구통계변수와 인사고과 공정성의 효과를 통제했을 때에도 고과결과 수용과 조직몰입에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인사고과의 공정성과 고과결과 수용도의 관계에 있어서 진정성 리더십이 조절효과를 보이고 있는데, 상사의 진정성 리더십이 높은 수준인 경우 인사고과의 공정성이 고과결과 수용도에 미치는 정(+)의 효과는 더욱 확대되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 인사고과 결과에 대한 구성원들의 수용을 이끌어내고 조직몰입을 향상시키려면 인사고과시스템이 절차적‧분배적 공정성을 확보하는 것과 더불어 상사가 진정성 리더십을 발휘하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 연구결과가 제시하는 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examines the effects of justice perceptions and authentic leadership on the appraisal reactions and organizational commitment of employees in the context of performance appraisal, and furthermore investigates the moderating effects of appraiser’s authentic leadership on the relationship between justice perceptions and those outcome variables (i.e., reactions to appraisal results and organizational commitment). The data collected from 206 employees in 7 companies were used for empirical analysis. Justice perceptions was measured using 14 items with 5-point Likert-type scale to assess perceptions of procedural and distributive justice and voice opportunity in the performance appraisal context. The exploratory factor analysis shows that justice perceptions consist of two factors: the one is procedural and distributive justice of performance appraisal, and the other is the voice opportunity in performance appraisal session. First, the results of hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that procedural and distributive justice have a significant positive impact on both employees’ acceptance of appraisal result and organizational commitment. Second, the authentic leadership of appraiser also has a significant impact on acceptance of appraisal result and organizational commitment after controlling for the demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, length of tenure, position) and justice perceptions. Third, the authentic leadership of appraisers moderates the relationship between justice perceptions and acceptance of appraisal result such that the relationship is much more stronger at higher than lower levels of authentic leadership. These results imply that besides procedural and distributive justice of performance appraisal systems, authentic leadership of appraisers plays a critical role in performance appraisal context. Hence, developing authentic leadership of appraisers while enhancing the justice of performance appraisal systems is crucial in improving employees’ acceptance of appraisal results and thereby increasing their organizational commitment.
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