입말에 담긴 부름말 ‘어이’의 문법화

Abstract

The grammaticalization of summons is a kind of the grammaticalization of the spoken languages. All of the grammaticalized summons as a discourse marker are used in one's juniors. Among these discourse markers, ‘eoi1’ is a one of the most grammaticalized summons. The summons ‘eoi1’ has the different functions in conformity with the degree of the grammaticalization. First, the summons ‘eoi1’ is grammaticalized into a discourse marker. When grammaticalized as a discourse marker, it's form sometimes became a ‘eoi2’, ‘ei' or ‘ii1'. When the summons ‘eoi1’ is grammaticalized as a discourse marker, it does not function as summons. Rather, it shows that the speaker wants the listener to have an interest in or pay attention to what the speaker says. Second, as ‘eoi2’/‘ei'/‘ii1' grammaticalized as a discourse marker are frequently used after the conjunctive endings or the sentence endings, they are more grammaticalized into a discourse marker, ‘ii2'. When the discourse marker ‘ii1' is more grammaticalized into a discourse marker ‘ii2', its meaning becomes more abstract. In other words, it has a function showing an attitude of a speaker who treats a listener with an intimate relationship, needless to say that it causes a listener an attention or an interest. These characteristics of spoken language indicate that a sentence of spoken language has a structure which a discourse marker performing a mordal function is once again added to a sentence of written language. Third, when a discourse marker ‘ii2' is most grammaticalized, it was fossilized at a precedent endings and then forms dialectic endings. In this case, we have a difficulty in recognizing a discourse marker ‘ii2' and the mordal function which a discourse marker ‘ii2' assumes also disappears. Dialectic endings formed through these procedures are as follows: ‘-aseori', ‘-adagaseori', ‘-goseori', ‘-eomyeonseori', ‘-eoseollamuni', ‘-eoniggani,', ‘-eoiggai', ‘-rae', etc. Above mentioned grammar related with the grammaticalization of summons ‘eoi1’ may allow us to extend our understanding of not only the universality and uniqueness of grammaticalization of Korean language but also a dialectical ending which is a spoken language of Korean.