Meta-pragmatic Function, Cultural Values and Korean Request Strategies
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Brown and Levinson (1987) claim that honorifics are used strategically to soften face threatening acts. However, they hardly see that cultural values embedded in honorific devices function as a ‘pragmatic mediator’ in the construction of (im)politeness. Since Confucian cultural values are intrinsically built within honorific forms and are permeated into Korean culture and politeness, this cultural knowledge has become a powerful social norm in Korean society. The local situation, particularly “local context, the speaker’s intention, and local norms” are mainly concerned with interactional goals. Formality therefore is not always a synonym of politeness (Locher 2004). Moreover, cultural values function as marked forms regarding interactional discourse strategies. ‘Perceptions reflected in meta-linguistic behavior’ thus require cultural values to precisely interpret linguistic behavior, especially within discourse contexts. Nonetheless, previous research on politeness has neglected to analyze linguistic behavior anchored on the speaker’s manipulation of cultural values. The current study extends pre-existent politeness research in two important ways. First, cultural values embedded within honorifics are strategically used to convey the speaker’s intentions at the discursive level. Second, it observes that strategic uses of positive politeness strategies play key roles in mitigating face threats at the meta-pragmatic level. A speaker’s pragmatic goal is thus efficiently achieved by utilizing cultural values.
Abstract
Brown and Levinson (1987) claim that honorifics are used strategically to soften face threatening acts. However, they hardly see that cultural values embedded in honorific devices function as a ‘pragmatic mediator’ in the construction of (im)politeness. Since Confucian cultural values are intrinsically built within honorific forms and are permeated into Korean culture and politeness, this cultural knowledge has become a powerful social norm in Korean society. The local situation, particularly “local context, the speaker’s intention, and local norms” are mainly concerned with interactional goals. Formality therefore is not always a synonym of politeness (Locher 2004). Moreover, cultural values function as marked forms regarding interactional discourse strategies. ‘Perceptions reflected in meta-linguistic behavior’ thus require cultural values to precisely interpret linguistic behavior, especially within discourse contexts. Nonetheless, previous research on politeness has neglected to analyze linguistic behavior anchored on the speaker’s manipulation of cultural values. The current study extends pre-existent politeness research in two important ways. First, cultural values embedded within honorifics are strategically used to convey the speaker’s intentions at the discursive level. Second, it observes that strategic uses of positive politeness strategies play key roles in mitigating face threats at the meta-pragmatic level. A speaker’s pragmatic goal is thus efficiently achieved by utilizing cultural values.
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