Beyond Linguistic Politeness: A Frame-based Discourse Approach to Korean Politeness
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Politeness research to date has generally adopted one of three views: the ‘traditional view’, based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle (Leech 1983; Brown and Levinson 1987); the ‘culture-specific discourse view’, which emphasizes the importance of both cultural values and discourse contexts (Pan 2000; Kang 2000), and the ‘post-modern view’, which stresses local norms, participants’ own perceptions, and subjective evaluations in specific discourse contexts (Mills 2000; Eelen 2001; Watts 2003; Locher 2005). In contrast to these views, this article shows why cultural frame as a new methodological tool for analyzing politeness is necessary. It then shows why, departing from previous approaches, this frame-based view is more appropriate when analyzing cultural values embedded in linguistic politeness, especially within locally specific discourse contexts. In the researcher’s current study, Confucian values effectively function as mitigating FTAs due to Koreans’ culturally shared thinking. On the basis of data recorded in Korean institutional contexts (Food and Science departments at a university), empirical findings highlight three important aspects of Korean requests in relation to linguistic politeness. First, Confucian cultural values play key roles in the perception of (im) politeness, as, for instance, when a secretary’s use of cultural values (mutuality and warmth) appeal to Confucian thinking and trigger cooperation and sympathy toward her personal request. Second, involvement strategies embedded within directness cannot be perceived as face threatening between in-group members due to their cultural emphasis on mutuality. Third, directness using cultural values can be regarded as ‘polite’ due to culturally understood knowledge.
Abstract
Politeness research to date has generally adopted one of three views: the ‘traditional view’, based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle (Leech 1983; Brown and Levinson 1987); the ‘culture-specific discourse view’, which emphasizes the importance of both cultural values and discourse contexts (Pan 2000; Kang 2000), and the ‘post-modern view’, which stresses local norms, participants’ own perceptions, and subjective evaluations in specific discourse contexts (Mills 2000; Eelen 2001; Watts 2003; Locher 2005). In contrast to these views, this article shows why cultural frame as a new methodological tool for analyzing politeness is necessary. It then shows why, departing from previous approaches, this frame-based view is more appropriate when analyzing cultural values embedded in linguistic politeness, especially within locally specific discourse contexts. In the researcher’s current study, Confucian values effectively function as mitigating FTAs due to Koreans’ culturally shared thinking. On the basis of data recorded in Korean institutional contexts (Food and Science departments at a university), empirical findings highlight three important aspects of Korean requests in relation to linguistic politeness. First, Confucian cultural values play key roles in the perception of (im) politeness, as, for instance, when a secretary’s use of cultural values (mutuality and warmth) appeal to Confucian thinking and trigger cooperation and sympathy toward her personal request. Second, involvement strategies embedded within directness cannot be perceived as face threatening between in-group members due to their cultural emphasis on mutuality. Third, directness using cultural values can be regarded as ‘polite’ due to culturally understood knowledge.
참고문헌 (32)
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