상사의 창의성 독려가 창의성 및 발언에 미치는 영향 - 창의적 과정 참여의 매개효과 -
The Impact of Leader’s Encouragement of Creativity on Creativity and Voice - Mediating Effect of Creative Process Engagement -
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초록
급격한 환경적 변화에 적응하지 못하는 조직은 생존하기 어렵다. 그에 따라 조직의 성공 및 번영을 위해 구성원들의 도전적, 창조적 개선 및 혁신 행동의 중요성이 점차 부각되고 있다. 이런 이유로 다양한 요인들이 구성원의 재량적 행동인 창의성 및 발언의 독립변수로 제시되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이론 및 실무적인 중요성 및 변수간 관계의 밀접성에도 불구하고 선행연구에서 제한된 관심을 받아 온,상사의 창의성 독려를 선택하여 구성원의 창의성 및 발언에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이 과정에서 기대이론을 활용하여 상사의 창의성 독려가 창의성 및 발언에 대한 성공 기대, 재량적 행동 관련 보상에 대한 기대를 높일 수 있을 것이라고 보고 이를 실증하고자 하였다. 또한 상사의 창의성 독려가 구성원의 창의성 및 발언을 높이는 이유가 무엇보다도 구성원의 창의적 과정에의 참여 정도를 높이기 때문이라고 보고, 이를 통한 간접효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 육군 간부 181쌍을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 분석한 결과, 상사의 창의성 독려는 구성원의 창의성을 높이는 것으로 나타났으며, 촉진적 및 예방적 발언 또한 높인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 이 과정에서 창의적 자기효능감을 통제하여, 창의성 및 발언에 미치는 상사 창의성 독려의 증분 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 부트스트래핑에 의한 간접효과 검증을 실시한 결과, 상사의 창의성 독려는 구성원의 창의적 과정 참여에 정적 영향을 미치고, 이는 다시 구성원의 창의성 및 발언에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알아냈다. 본 연구는 조직 경쟁우위의 원천인 구성원의 창의성 및 발언을 촉진하는데 무엇보다도 상사의 창의성 독려가 필요하다는 것을 제시하였다. 이는 기존 연구들에서 구성원 재량적 행동에 영향을 미치는 개인, 집단, 조직 수준의 다양한 변수들에 부가하여 재량적 또는 자발적 행동의 중요성을 강조하고 독려하는 상사의 구체적 행동이 실질적으로 중요하다는 시사점을 주는 것이다. 아울러 본 연구는 창의적 과정 참여를 택해 상사 창의성 독려의 영향력 과정에 대한 이해를 높였으며, 현장에 상사의 창의성 독려 행동의 필요성에 대한 논리적 근거를 제시하였다. 특히 본 연구는 선행연구들과는 달리 기대이론으로 변수들 간 관계를 설명함으로써 현상에 대한 새로운 관점을 소개하는 함의를 가지고 있다. 마지막으로 연구의 말미에 한계 및 향후 연구방향을 제안하였다.
Abstract
Organizations that fail to adapt to rapidly changing social changes are hard to survive. For the success of the organizations, many studies have been conducted by presenting creative and innovative actions for change in terms of individual tasks as members' actions for creative organization building. Previous studies have shown that a leader's encouraging of creativity has a significant impact not only on the behavior of its members but also on the organization's desirable goals. Despite these efforts, however, previous studies related to encouraging the creativity of leaders have some limitations. To compensate for these deficiencies, this study was carried out with the following three objectives. First, we want to investigate empirically the relationship between the leader's encouragement of creativity and creativity, and leader’s same behavior-voice relation(i.e., promotive voice and prohibitve voice). Through this, it was intended to contribute to the expansion of research areas for encouraging creativity. Second, it is to verify the role of the creative process engagement in the relationship between leader's encouragement of creativity and creativity, and in the leader's encouragement of creativity-voice relation. By doing this, we hope to broaden our understanding of the influence process of encouraging creativity of leaders. Third, we verified the indirect effect of the leader's encouragement of creativity on creativity and voice through creative process engagement. Especiall, we explore whether the indirect influence exist when controlling the effect of creative self-efficacy of a focal employee. Through this, it was intended to suggest that not only self-efficacy but also encouragement of creativity by leaders are important factors in creativity and voice behavior improvement. In order to test the hypotheses, 181 pairs of sergeant or higher officers belonging to the military were surveyed and hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. The empirical analysis showed that the leader's encouragement of creativity has a significant impact on the creativity and two types of voice of the employees, and that creative process engagement of employee completely mediate this relationship. This study has verified that leader's encouragement of creativity is very important for enhancing member's creativity and voice beyond beyond individual characteristic factors (i.e., creative self-efficacy). And this results empirically verifies the inherent mechanism between leader's encouragement of creativity and creativity, and leader's same behavior-voice relation. This study also provide theoretical contribution and practical implications. Limitations and future research directions were proposed at the end of the study.
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