참여적 리더십의 선행요인에 관한 연구 - 리더의 자기지향 완벽주의의 영향과 구성원의 성장 마인드셋과 권력거리성향의 조절된 조절효과 -
The Antecedents of Participative Leadership - The Influence of Leader’s Self-Oriented Perfectionism and The Moderated Moderation Effects of Employee’s Growth Mindset and Power Distance Orientation -
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본 연구는 유연하고 민첩한 대응이 요구되는 경영 환경에서 리더가 구성원들과 함께 문제해결 과정을 공유하는 참여적 리더십(participative leadership)의 선행요인과 경계조건을 제시하고자 하였다. 참여적 리더십에 관한 기존연구와 계획된 행동 이론에 기반하여, 리더 개인과 관련된 선행요인으로 리더의 자기지향 완벽주의(self-oriented perfectionism)에 초점을 두었다. 그리고 자기지향 완벽주의와 참여적 리더십 간 관계의 1차적인 경계조건(제1조절변수)으로 구성원의 성장 마인드셋(growth mindset)을 다루었고, 2차적인 경계조건(제2조절변수)으로 구성원의 권력거리성향(power distance orientation)의 역할을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 가설에 대한 실증적 검증을 위하여 상사를 둔 국내 직장인들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 모든 변수에 대한 측정은 구성원 개인 차원에서 실시하였다. 이를 통해 참여적 리더십의 선행요인으로서 완벽주의의 적응적 측면인 자기지향 완벽주의의 유효성을 검증하고, 그러한 관계에 영향을 미치는 구성원과 조직문화에 관한 조건들을 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 적응적 완벽주의에 관한 보다 활발한 연구의 필요성을 제기하고, 실무적 관점에서 인적자원관리 방안에 관한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 리더의 자기지향 완벽주의는 참여적 리더십에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 리더의 자기지향 완벽주의와 참여적 리더십의 관계에서 구성원 성장 마인드셋의 조절효과는 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 리더의 자기지향 완벽주의와 참여적 리더십의 관계에서 구성원 성장 마인드셋과 권력거리성향의 조절된 조절효과(3원 상호작용효과)는 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 연구 결과에 관한 시사점과 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
In a business environment where more flexible and agile responses are required, this study sought to present the antecedent and boundary conditions of participative leadership in which leaders share the problem-solving process with employees. Based on existing research on participative leadership and the theory of planned behavior, we focused on self-oriented perfectionism of the leader as an antecedent. And in the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and participative leadership, the growth mindset of the employees was set as the first boundary condition, and the power distance orientation of the employees related to organizational culture was set as the second boundary condition. For empirical verification of the research hypothesis, a survey was conducted on domestic workers with supervisors and all variables were measured at the individual level of the employees. We sought to verify the validity of self-oriented perfectionism which is the adaptive aspect of perfectionism as an antecedent of participative leadership, and to identify the conditions on the employees and organizational culture affecting such relations. Based on these studies, we aimed to raise the need for more active research on adaptive perfectionism and to provide suggestions on how to manage human resources from a practical perspective. The study results are as follows. First, it has been confirmed that the leader’s self-oriented perfectionism has a positive influence on participative leadership. Second, it has been shown that the moderation effect of growth mind set in the relationship between the leader’s self-oriented perfectionism and participative leadership was not significant. Third, in the relationship between the leader’s self-orientated perfectionism and participative leadership, it was found that moderated moderation effect (three-way interaction) of growth mindset and power distance orientation were significant. Implications regarding the results of the study, limitations of the study, and future direction of the study were discussed.
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