미국에서 공유 운송 플랫폼 우버의 합법화
Legalization of Ride-Sharing Platform Uber in the United States
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초록
공유운송 플랫폼 우버는 2012년 일반인의 승용차를 이용한 서비스를 시작한지 1년 반만인 2013년 캘리포니아에서 “Transportation Network Corporation”이라는 새로운 사업 범주로 합법화되었으며, 2017년 뉴욕시를 마지막으로 대부분의 대도시에서 합법화에 성공하였다. 이는 우버의 합법화에 우호적인 환경적 요인과, 우버가 합법화를 위해 적극적으로 추진한 행위들이 서로 상승작용을 했기 때문에 가능했다. 본 논문에서는 환경적 요인으로 크게 세 가지를 분석했다. 첫째는 기존 택시 서비스에 대한 소비자의 광범위한 불만, 둘째는 우버의 높은 편의성, 셋째는 우버가 대표하는 공유경제와 IT 기술혁신에 대한 이념적 우월성이다. 우버가 합법화를 위해 적극적으로 추진한 행위는 두 가지로 구분하였다. 첫째는 정치적 동원과 조작이며, 둘째는 정부 및 택시 업계와 조정 및 타협이다. 우버의 합법화에 우호적인 사회적 분위기가 폭넓게 형성되었을 때, 우버의 불법적인 사업에 대해 규제 당국이 내리는 벌금이나 영업중지 행정명령은 힘을 발휘하지 못했다. 우버는 현행법에 문제가 있다고 주장하면서 정치인을 설득하여 벌금과 영업중지 명령의 집행을 보류하도록 하였으며, 궁극적으로 의회에서 현행법을 개정하도록 하였다.
Abstract
Uber, a ride-sharing platform, was legalized under a new business category called “Transportation Network Corporation” in California in 2013, and in most other cities by 2017. This was possible because both the environmental factors favorable to Uber’s legalization and the actions that Uber actively promoted for legalization were synergistic with each other. Three major environmental factors were analyzed. The first is the widespread dissatisfaction of consumers with the existing taxi service, the second the high convenience of Uber, and the third the ideological superiority of the sharing economy and IT technology innovation represented by Uber. The actions that Uber actively pursued for legalization were also divided into two. The first is political mobilization and maneuvering, and the second the negotiation and compromise with the government and the taxi industry. Uber convinced politicians that there was a problem with the current laws, and ultimately led the congress to amend the current laws in favor of Uber.
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