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Subalternization of Asian Women Workers in American Transnational Capitalism in the Late Twentieth Century

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One thing which Asian American scholars in the late twentieth century have considered as the most controversial issue in relation to Asian women subjectivity is how to recover visibility of Asian women subject and relocate them from the subalternized positions in the processes of multinational, corporate capitalism which collude with the local patriarchies and constantly-reinvented traditions by them. Gayatri Spivak indicates that those systems have erased the Asian women workers' desire not only for becoming an independent subject for those phllucentric labor systems but also for being a consuming subject to which they have produced by themselves. Similarly, Grace Chang, Evelyn Hu-DeHart, Aihwa Ong, and Andrew Ross argue that Asian and Asian immigrant workers have been placed at a doubly oppressive subject by domestic and international economic systems of labor division. By examining the subcontract system and sweatshops which substantially reinforce the collusion of local patriarchal social and economic system with the transnational capitalism, this essay reveals how the transnational corporations manipulate the cheap labor of Asian female workers without facing moral responsibility using subcontract system and further examine ethnic-based advertisement to the Asian countries at which their plants are located. The purpose of this essays is to raise such controversial issues in relation to two patriarchal economic systems on the surface and conclusively seek an alternative to centerizing women subjectivity from the marginalized and sublaternized positions by examining one Korean struggle with local and transnational capitalism.

Abstract

One thing which Asian American scholars in the late twentieth century have considered as the most controversial issue in relation to Asian women subjectivity is how to recover visibility of Asian women subject and relocate them from the subalternized positions in the processes of multinational, corporate capitalism which collude with the local patriarchies and constantly-reinvented traditions by them. Gayatri Spivak indicates that those systems have erased the Asian women workers' desire not only for becoming an independent subject for those phllucentric labor systems but also for being a consuming subject to which they have produced by themselves. Similarly, Grace Chang, Evelyn Hu-DeHart, Aihwa Ong, and Andrew Ross argue that Asian and Asian immigrant workers have been placed at a doubly oppressive subject by domestic and international economic systems of labor division. By examining the subcontract system and sweatshops which substantially reinforce the collusion of local patriarchal social and economic system with the transnational capitalism, this essay reveals how the transnational corporations manipulate the cheap labor of Asian female workers without facing moral responsibility using subcontract system and further examine ethnic-based advertisement to the Asian countries at which their plants are located. The purpose of this essays is to raise such controversial issues in relation to two patriarchal economic systems on the surface and conclusively seek an alternative to centerizing women subjectivity from the marginalized and sublaternized positions by examining one Korean struggle with local and transnational capitalism.

참고문헌 (16)

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  2. Chang, Grace, "Disposable Domestics: Immigrant Women Workers in the Global Economy" (2000), South End P
  3. Glenn, Evelyn Nakana, "From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Reproductive Labor", Journal of Women in Culture and Soc, 18(1), pp.1~43 (1992)
  4. Hardt, Michael, "Empire" (2000), Harvard UP
  5. Howard, Alan, "Labor, History, and Sweatshops in the New Global Economy. In: No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers", pp.151~172 (1997), Verso
  6. Hu-DeHart, Evelyn, "Globalization and Its Discontents", A Journal of Women Studies, 24(3), pp.244~260 (2003)
  7. LaFeber, Walter, "Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism" (1999), W.W. Norton
  8. Ong, Aihwa, "The Gender and Labor Politics of Postmodernity", Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, pp.279~309 (1991)
  9. Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar, "Migrant Filipina Domestic Workers and the International Division of Reproductive Labor", Gender and Society, 14(4), pp.560~580 (2000)
  10. Piore, Michael, "The Economics of the Sweatshop. In: No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers" (1997), Verso
  11. Ross, Andrew, "“Introduction” in No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers", pp.9~38 (1997), Verso
  12. Sassen, Saskia, "Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization" (1996), Columbia UP
  13. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, "Can the Subaltern Speak?” Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory: A Reader", pp.66~111 (1994), Columbia UP
  14. Su, Julie, "El Monte Thai Garment Workers: Slave Sweatshops. In: No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers", pp.143~50 (1997), Verso
  15. Trinh, Linda Vo, "Introduction: Moving Beyond ‘Exotics, Whores, and Nimble Fingers’: Asian American Women in a New Era of Globalization and Resistance", A Journal of Women Studies, 21(2), pp.1~19 (2000)
  16. Wong, Kent, "Building an Asian Pacific Labor Alliance: A New Chapter in Our History. In: The State of Asian America: Activism and Resistance in the 1990s", pp.335349~ (1994), South End P

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