이주여성노동의 비가시화와 임파워먼트
Invisibility and Empowerment of Migrant Women's Labor
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Whereas migrant women's labor is often invisible in the official imaginary of globalized capitalism, the big cities' finance industries, hotels, sweatshops and homes in America function every day because of migrant women's labor. This paper discusses both how migrant women's labor is constantly rendered invisible and how migrant female laborers negotiate to empower themselves. The tremendous demand for low-paid and irregular labor as a result of American economic restructuring has caused the ceaseless tide of migration. Historically, women's labor has been regarded as housewife's leisure activity or at most a dependent's side job. In addition to sexual discrimination, racial discrimination becomes a further appendage to migrant women's labor. This paper shows how the mechanism of gender bondage which excluded unpaid domestic labor beyond the scope of the civil rights acts reduces even paid domestic labor to private care, not formal labor. This mechanism of gender bondage enables American women to transfer their own domestic labor onto migrant women. This transnational transference of domestic labor further deteriorates the devaluation of domestic labor and deepens economic unequality. This paper which attempts an economic and cultural analysis of migrant women's exploitation also makes allowance for their empowerment as social subjects despite overwhelming oppression. The solidarity among migrant women who share commonalities that go beyond national boundaries has grown and discourses that theorize their citizenship and agency as social subjects have begun to engage and render visible the role of migrant female labor in the global economy.
Abstract
Whereas migrant women's labor is often invisible in the official imaginary of globalized capitalism, the big cities' finance industries, hotels, sweatshops and homes in America function every day because of migrant women's labor. This paper discusses both how migrant women's labor is constantly rendered invisible and how migrant female laborers negotiate to empower themselves. The tremendous demand for low-paid and irregular labor as a result of American economic restructuring has caused the ceaseless tide of migration. Historically, women's labor has been regarded as housewife's leisure activity or at most a dependent's side job. In addition to sexual discrimination, racial discrimination becomes a further appendage to migrant women's labor. This paper shows how the mechanism of gender bondage which excluded unpaid domestic labor beyond the scope of the civil rights acts reduces even paid domestic labor to private care, not formal labor. This mechanism of gender bondage enables American women to transfer their own domestic labor onto migrant women. This transnational transference of domestic labor further deteriorates the devaluation of domestic labor and deepens economic unequality. This paper which attempts an economic and cultural analysis of migrant women's exploitation also makes allowance for their empowerment as social subjects despite overwhelming oppression. The solidarity among migrant women who share commonalities that go beyond national boundaries has grown and discourses that theorize their citizenship and agency as social subjects have begun to engage and render visible the role of migrant female labor in the global economy.
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