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주체, 언어, 재현의 경계에서: 스나이더의 공(空)의 시학

Subject, Language, and Representation: Snyder’s Poetics of Emptiness

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My essay explores the possibility of poetics of emptiness in the poetry of Gary Snyder. His Buddhist concept, emptiness, demonstrates the lack of intrinsic nature in all phenomena and the absence of an independent, perduring self. He locates the extralinguistic reality, emptiness, within the contingent nexus of language itself instead of transcending or discarding it: the elision of a lyric “I” and transitive verbs, for example, is his grammatic attempt to represent the illusory nature of the self. He replaces the solitary speaker with sparely modified, concrete, but generic images to demonstrate human enactment into a harmonious interplay with other elements of life as a part of a vast web of interconnections. Through various uses of grammatical and structural ellipse, paratactical construction, and typographical and semantical space, his poetry forces the reader to experience the “thought-pause” and intuitively perceive things-as-they-are. Snyder enacts in his poetics an alternative to postmodern perspectives on subject, language, and representation, and revitalizes their skeptical look at any account of human agency and the possibility of language.

Abstract

My essay explores the possibility of poetics of emptiness in the poetry of Gary Snyder. His Buddhist concept, emptiness, demonstrates the lack of intrinsic nature in all phenomena and the absence of an independent, perduring self. He locates the extralinguistic reality, emptiness, within the contingent nexus of language itself instead of transcending or discarding it: the elision of a lyric “I” and transitive verbs, for example, is his grammatic attempt to represent the illusory nature of the self. He replaces the solitary speaker with sparely modified, concrete, but generic images to demonstrate human enactment into a harmonious interplay with other elements of life as a part of a vast web of interconnections. Through various uses of grammatical and structural ellipse, paratactical construction, and typographical and semantical space, his poetry forces the reader to experience the “thought-pause” and intuitively perceive things-as-they-are. Snyder enacts in his poetics an alternative to postmodern perspectives on subject, language, and representation, and revitalizes their skeptical look at any account of human agency and the possibility of language.

참고문헌 (25)

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  2. 정화, "함께 사는 아름다움—금강경 반야심경 풀이" (1998), 시공사
  3. Altieri, Charles, "Enlarging the Temple" (1979), Bucknell UP
  4. Altieri, Charles, "Gary Snyder’s Turtle Island: The Problem of Reconciling the Roles of Seer and Prophet", Boundary, 2(4), pp.761~778 (1976)
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  6. Droit, Roger-Pol, "The Cult of Nothingness" (2003), U of North Carolina P
  7. Eshleman, Clayton, "Gary Snyder: Dimensions of a Life", pp.231~242 (1991), Sierra Club Books
  8. Garfield, Jay, "Empty Words: Buddhist Philosophy and Cross-Cultural Interpretation" (2002), Oxford UP
  9. Géfin, Laszlo K., "Ideogram: History of a Poetic Method" (1982), U of Texas P
  10. Gray, Timothy, "Gary Snyder and the Pacific Rim: Creating Counter-Cultural Community" (2006), U of Iowa P
  11. Hageman, Andrew, "“August on Sourdough”: An Archival View of Gary Snyder’s Intercultural Poetics", Western American Literature, 50(2), pp.135~157 (2015)
  12. Hass, Robert, "Twentieth Century Pleasures: Prose on Poetry" (1984), ECCO
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  14. Kern, Robert, "Critical Essays on Gary Snyder", pp.105~122 (1991), Hall
  15. Kern, Robert, "Orientalism, Modernism, and the American Poem" (1996), Cambridge UP
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  17. Norton, Jody, "The Importance of Nothing: Absence and Its Origins in the Poetry of Gary Snyder", Contemporary Literature, 28(1), pp.41~66 (1987)
  18. Park, Josephine Nock-Hee, "Apparitions of Asia: Modernist Form and Asian American Poetics" (2008), Oxford UP
  19. Parkinson, Thomas, "The Poetry of Gary Snyder", Southern Review, 4, pp.616~632 (1968)
  20. Snyder, Gary, "The Back Country" (1971), New Directions
  21. Snyder, Gary, "The Gary Snyder Reader: Prose, Poetry, and Translations, 1952-1998" (1999), Counterpoint
  22. Snyder, Gary, "The Poem behind the Poem", pp.233~238 (2004), U of Hawaii P
  23. Stalling, Jonathan, "Poetics of Emptiness: Transformations of Asian Thought in American Poetry" (2010), Fordham UP
  24. Wilson, Rob, "Reimagining the American Pacific" (2000), Duke UP
  25. Wright, Dale, "Philosophical Meditations on Zen Buddhism" (1998), Cambridge UP

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