공화당의 융합주의적 보수주의의 등장: 융합주의의 내용 및 논쟁 과정과 융합의 성공 배경
The Rise of Fusionism-based Conservatism in the Republican Party: Content of and Debate on Fusionism, and the Background for Its Success
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이 글은 제2차 세계대전 이후 뉴딜 국가주의와 국제 공산주의에 대항해야 한다는 시대사적 요구에 부응하기 위해 개인주의적 자유주의와 전통주의의 융합을 토대로 등장한 공화당의 새로운 보수주의를 설명하기 위해 작성되었다. 이 글은 먼저 개인주의적 자유주의와 전통주의의 개별적 주장을 소개하면서 양대 사조가 상당한 이론적 차이점에도 불구하고 각각 융합을 위한 공감대를 지니고 있음을 제시하였다. 이어서 이 글은 융합주의를 발판으로 등장한 공화당의 전통적 보수주의의 대두 과정을 검토하기 위해, 주로『내셔널리뷰』를 통해 전개된 개인주의적 자유주의자와 전통주의자 간의 논쟁을 마이어의 논의를 중심으로 검토하였다. 인간이 추구해야 할 최고의 목적인 덕성이 개인의 정치적 자유가 없이는 달성 불가능하다는 마이어의 융합주의는 양대 사조의 통합을 촉진한 이론적 패러다임으로 작용했다. 그리고 이러한 통합은 국제적으로 공산주의의 확산을 막고 국내적으로 뉴딜 자유주의와 대항하기 위해 보수주의 진영이 이념적으로 무장해야 한다는 절박한 이유에 따라 추동될 수 있었다.
Abstract
This article aims to explain the rise of a new post-WW II conservative ideology in the Republican party. The new conservatism emerged on the basis of Frank Meyer’s fusionism combining the intellectual streams of libertarianism and traditionalism in the context of the spreading influence of international communism. The two streams agreed to fuse into each other despite their differences due to the conservatives’ consensus that the New Deal collectivism should be halted and the international communism should be contained. This article reviews the debates exchanged between libetarians and traditonalists mostly through the National Review and analyzes the logic and rationales of fusionism proposed by Frank Meyer, the leading theorist for conservative fusionism. The fusionism was widely accepted by the conservatives primarily due to their urgent need to deal with domestic New Deal liberalism and international communism, and to be armored with theoretical paradigm for consolidating the two intellectual trends.
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