윌리엄 버클리와 전후 미국의 보수주의
William Buckley and American Conservatism in the Postwar
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초록
역사가들은 레이건 당선 이후 보수주의의 본질에 대해 기술하기보다는 자신들 나름의 방식대로 보수주의의 성공 또는 자유주의 실패의 이유를 설명하고자하였다. 하지만 그것은 미국 보수주의의 본질과 기원을 제대로 파악하지 못하는원인이 된다. 그래서 본 논문은 윌리엄 버클리와 National Review 를 통해서 보수주의의 성격을 규명하고자 하였다. 그는 National Review 를 통해서 비록 사상적인 차이가 있을 수는 있지만 다양한 목소리의 보수주의자를 한데 모으고 통합하려고 하였다. 또한 National Review 를 통해서 다른 목소리를 내는 자유지상주의자, 전통주의자, 반공주의자의 합류점을 만들었다. 그는 이 잡지에서 보수주의 사상과 정책을 위한 학문적인 토론의 장을 펼치며, 서로 다른 보수주의자들이 공공의 적인 공산주의와 자유주의를 반격할 기반을 마련하였다. 그러면서 National Review는 미국 보수주의 성장에 중요한 역할을 담당하였다.
Abstract
While many historians were not writing about the American conservatism per se, they were in their own way trying to explain its success or the failure of liberalism since the election of Ronald Reagan. But it caused the failure to examine the nature or root of American conservatism. So, this essay is to explore the characteristics of postwar conservatism by Buckley and his National Review. His and the National Review’s aim was to set up a big tent, bringing in and unifying as many types of conservatives as possible, and to keep them together despite of their ideological differences. I contend that he regarded the National Review as a confluence of libertarian, traditionalist, and anticommunist. He was an institution builder who helped to create a literate and public arena in which conservative ideas and policies could be regularly pondered and conservatives of different personalities could lay the foundation for carrying on the assault against their common two adversaries, communism and liberalism. Therefore, the National Review played an essential role in the growth of conservatism which would eventually change the atmosphere of American society.
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