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좌심실 비대의 진단방법으로서 심전도

Electrocardiogram as a Diagnostic Method for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

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참고문헌

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주제분류가정의학

초록

연구배경: 좌심실 비대는 심혈관 질환의 이환과 사망과 관련된 지표로서 중요하며 진단방법으로는 심초음파가 비교적 정확하지만 일차의료에서는 손쉽고 경제적인 심전도가 많이 이용되고 있다. 이에 좌심실 비대를 진단하는 도구로서 심전도의 민감도와 특이도를 조사하고, 심전도의 민감도와 특이도와 관련된 다양한 인자들의 영향을 조사하여 일차의료에 도움이 되고자 연구를 하였다. 방법: 일개 병원 검진센터에 방문하여 심장정밀검진을 선택하여 받은 20세 이상의 성인 1,130명을 대상으로 심전도와 심초음파를 시행하였다. 심초음파로 진단된 좌심실 비대에 대한 심전도의 민감도, 특이도 및 정확도를 구하고, 성별, 연령, 체질량지수, 고혈압, 당뇨병, 흡연, 알코올 섭취량, 운동에 따라 각각의 민감도와 특이도를 구하였으며, 이것을 성별과 연령, 비만을 통제하여 결과를 보았다. 결과: 좌심실비대의 기준을 만족하는 경우는 심초음파에서 434명(38.4%)이었고, 심전도에서 146명(12.9%)이었다. 심초음파로 진단된 좌심실 비대에 대한 심전도 검사의 민감도는 20.0%, 특이도는 91.5%, 일치율은 64.1%였다. 심초음파로 진단된 좌심실 비대에 대한 심전도의 민감도는 정상인 사람이 비만인 사람보다(P=.04), 고혈압이 있는 환자가 정상혈압을 가진 사람보다(P=.04) 유의하게 높았고, 성별, 연령, 당뇨병 여부, 음주량, 흡연여부 및 규칙적 운동에 따른 민감도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 한편 심초음파로 진단된 좌심실 비대에 대한 심전도의 특이도는 고혈압이 있는 환자에서(P=.003) 낮았고, 성별(P=.02) 또는 비만여부(P=.02)를 통제하는 경우 연령이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 결론: 심전도는 민감도가 낮고 특이도가 높은 검사이며, 비만이거나 정상혈압인 경우 민감도가 낮으므로 가음성이 증가할 수 있고, 고혈압환자인 경우 특이도가 낮아 가양성이 증가할 수 있으므로 그 해석에 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Abstract

Electrocardiogram as a Diagnostic Method for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

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