중국 고대 신관(神觀)의 전개

Abstract

The Divinity in Pre-Qin China is creatures of the times, Hsia(夏)·Yin(殷)·Zhou(周) three dynasties. a religious man in Ancient China stand in relation to three dynasties as a follower of the historical traditions and a creative interpreter of the religious heritage. Thus we need to understand the religious enthusiasm. One of the characteristic trends of Hsia dynasty is naive faith in science and physical thinking. The notable features of Yin dynasty is a society that religious views are predominant in this country. National sentiment of Yin dynasty devoted themselves to religious work all their life. After considering all the factors of former times, religious thinkers of Zhou dynasty reached the conclusion the Divinity have to maintain dual views as mixed fabric of two ways of thinking. The cultural background of Chinese people is deeply influenced by Confucianism (儒家). It is a philosophy stressing ethical, moral and social values. Confucian system is sometimes considered the proper culture of the Chinese; consequently, it targets religious tendencies and customs. A special ritual was developed for the appeasing of the god of heaven(上帝) as a necessity for the survival and well-being of the community. Mohists(墨家) believed in heaven as a divine force (天), the celestial bureaucracy and spirits which knew about the immoral acts of man and punished them, encouraging moral righteousness. In Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu(老莊), the most common rendering of the Chinese term is "Way", which most closely approximates the original. Tao is the "Way" in both the concrete sense of a road travelled and the more abstract sense of the natural course or route to be followed. According to Laozi, Tao is the way things becomes, the way of process in changing and dynamic reality itself in the world or cosmos. Therefore There is no room for argument against divinity. In brief, religion in Pre-Qin China has been characterized by pluralism since the beginning of Chinese history. the Divinity in Pre-Qin China have inherited various cultural-religious legacies of these three dynasties.