인삼 사포닌 생산을 위한 대사공학
Metabolic engineering for production of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng
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지난 20여 년간 인삼의 사포닌 생산성 향상 및 생합성 관련 유전자 발굴을 위한 연구에 많은 진전이 있었다. 모 상근 및 부정근 배양은 인삼사포닌을 효과적으로 다량 생산할 수 있는 육종기술로 제시되고 있다. 또한 대사공 학을 이용하여 유전자 도입을 통해 사포닌 생합성을 촉 진함으로써 전체의 사포닌이 강화되거나 특정 사포닌이 강화된 인삼 식물체의 개발을 기대할 수 있다. 실제적으로 인삼 triterpene 사포닌 및 phytosterol 합성에 관여된 squalene synthase (PgSS1) 유전자를 인삼에 과잉발 현시켰을 경우 triterpene 및 phytosterol 생합성이 증대되었 다. 앞으로 인삼사포닌 생합성에 관련된 유전자의 기능 분석 및 발현조절에 대한 연구를 통해 사포닌 대사과정 을 이해하는 것은 인삼의 생물공학적 기술을 개선하기 위한 중요한 방법들을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Panax ginseng roots produce triterpene saponins called ginsenosides, which are high value secondary metabolites and has been used as drugs, detergents, sweeteners, and cosmetics. In the recent years plant cell, tissue and organ cultures have developed as important alternative sources for the saponin production in Panax ginseng. Adventitious roots and hairy roots have been successfully induced and cultured for the improvement of saponin contents. Genetic and metabolic engineering to regulate saponin biosynthesis in P. ginseng might be important way to improve the medicinal values of P. ginseng. Here we introduced the protocol of genetic transformation and recent progress of functional characterization of genes involved in saponin biosynthesis in P. ginseng.
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