유교 윤리의 근거로서의 종교성 - [論語]를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper attempted to examine closely the moral and religious characteristics of Confucianism based on Analects of Confucius. For this purpose I explained the connection between morality and the religious characteristics of Confucianism with using such as Tiān(天), Ming(命), Guǐ Shén(鬼神), Hún Pò(魂魄), Xiào(孝). Tiān(天) can be understood as Xìng(性) of human being, also be accepted as almighty something that possess the personality which control the all problems human being and the whole world, in this point Tiān(天) has a religious characteristics. I stressed on that can be obtained in Analects of Confucius. With the concept, Tiān(天), the old Chinese people present the commander of morality real world and the target of religious worship of a surreal world. And in Feudal era of ancient china Ming(命) was mainly figured out as the command taken place in the upper and lower classes, and same time used as the end of individuals and Nation in one society. The former indicates a moral sign, the latter points to a religious one in the meaning of Ming(命). Subsequently in this paper arranged a system of speculation on the religious meaning for Guǐ Shén(鬼神) and the problems of life and dead shown in Analects of Confucius and Confucianism. I could conclude that the concept, Guǐ Shén(鬼神) where is connected with the features of after death of the human being, and the Confucian view on life and death which are endless repeating and rebirth of his family. In the following theme made consideration on Xiào(孝) and Li(禮) those are an acting form of living man in the real society. These concepts have twofold meaning which is moral acts and religious one consciousness for worship on ancestors. Specially all religion attempts to give the clearest answers about the world and life-death, Confucian moral ceremony ism had prepared the system to try to present a concrete reply, using the concept, continuity, of the life-death Xiào(孝), this word can be applied by moral and religious quality in the Confucianism. Finally I Investigated religious characteristics about where is presented in Analects of Confucius. Generally Li(禮) has been originated from the most important moral ceremonies should taken by people in one society, specially the Confucianism courtesy considers more importantly memorial service for his ancestors in various lifelong moral acts. Through this tradition Li(禮) had taken place as the reply of the human being to meet the revelation of religious God. And Confucius had transformed the religious meaning of the courtesy to the moral one, in this point the characters of Li(禮) on Analects of Confucius had jointly two kind of meaning as the religiosity and moral. Gathering the reason which is cultural is reflected about the knot of life of the human being and from meaning where when is to become known in actuality, example is religious, but the meaning grant of the human being lies between about the knot and passage courtesy of life, changes with ethical morality. With these above Discussions lead us to be able to understand that the thoughts of Analects of Confucius need to keeping eye on the moral problems, and in the another side of that classic is about the religious parts of the world and human being.